Developing a Dynamic AI Chatbot.ipynb

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   "source": [
    "# Dynamic AI Chatbot\n",
    "This project involves creating an AI chatbot that can take on different personas, keep track of conversation history, and provide coherent responses.\n",
    "\n",
    "Key skills we'll practice include:\n",
    "\n",
    "* Using the **OpenAI API** to interact with a large language model.\n",
    "* Crafting and managing distinct chatbot **personas with system messages**.\n",
    "* Monitoring and handling **token usage to stay within a token budget**.\n",
    "* Maintaining a **conversation history to achieve contextually aware interactions**.\n",
    "\n",
    "### Creating the Chatbot Framework\n",
    "The Chatbot Framework is implementated as a **ConversationManager** class in the module `dynamic_ai_chatbot.py`.\n",
    "### Putting the Chatbot to use"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "6fca40de",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import json\n",
    "from dynamic_ai_chatbot import ConversationManager"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "5a5016f9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "I'd love to! But before I share the joke, I want to make sure I understand what kind of joke you're in the mood for. Do you prefer a classic pun, a clever play on words, or something a bit more silly and absurd?\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "conv_manager = ConversationManager()\n",
    "prompt = \"Tell me a joke.\"\n",
    "ai_response = conv_manager.chat_completion(prompt)\n",
    "print(ai_response)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "0377a852",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Enhancing the Chatbot with Parameters\n",
    "We'll add parameters to our **ConversationManager** class to provide greater control over the AI's responses. Parameters such as\n",
    "\n",
    "* **temperature**: a lower temperature value can make the chatbot's replies more deterministic and less random, while a higher value may generate more creative and diverse responses \n",
    "* **max_tokens**: limits the number of tokens to avoid high dollar charges  \n",
    "* **model**: gives flexibility to different models to be used \n",
    "\n",
    "allow us to adjust the creativity of responses, the length of the output, and the model used for generating responses, respectively.\n",
    "\n",
    "#### Using defaults parameters"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "18e9e110",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Here's one:\n",
      "\n",
      "Why couldn't the bicycle stand up by itself?\n",
      "\n",
      "(Wait for it...)\n",
      "\n",
      "Because it was two-tired!\n",
      "\n",
      "Hope that brought a smile to your face!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "conv_manager = ConversationManager()\n",
    "prompt = \"Tell me a jovial joke.\"\n",
    "ai_response = conv_manager.chat_completion(prompt)\n",
    "print(ai_response)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "d00d00b4",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Using lower temperature"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "ae0d4916",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Here's one:\n",
      "\n",
      "What do you call a fake noodle?\n",
      "\n",
      "(Wait for it...)\n",
      "\n",
      "An impasta!\n",
      "\n",
      "How was that? Did I make you LOL?\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "conv_manager = ConversationManager(temperature = 0.5)\n",
    "prompt = \"Tell me a silly joke.\"\n",
    "ai_response = conv_manager.chat_completion(prompt)\n",
    "print(ai_response)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "e343e13a",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Using lower temperature and lower max tokens"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "bb419a5f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Pun-lovers unite! Here's a classic one:\n",
      "\n",
      "Why did the scarecrow win an award?\n",
      "\n",
      "(Wait for it...)\n",
      "\n",
      "Because he was outstanding in his field! (get it?)\n",
      "\n",
      "Hope that corny joke brought a smile to your face!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "conv_manager = ConversationManager(temperature = 0.5, max_tokens = 50)\n",
    "prompt = \"Tell me a a classic pun joke.\"\n",
    "ai_response = conv_manager.chat_completion(prompt)\n",
    "print(ai_response)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c856e914",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Implementing Chat History Management\n",
    "A key feature of an interactive chatbot is its ability to maintain a **conversation history**. This allows the chatbot to consider the context of previous exchanges and provide more coherent and relevant responses. Managing conversation history involves tracking both the prompts sent by the user and the responses generated by the AI. Doing so enables the chatbot to reference earlier parts of the conversation, which is particularly important for maintaining the flow of dialogue and ensuring that the responses make sense in context."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "6602b1db",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "I'd be happy to share a joke with you! However, before I do, I want to make sure you're in the right mood for one. Would you like a joke that's more punny, playful, or clever? Or perhaps you'd like me to tailor one to a specific topic or theme you're interested in?\n",
      "\n",
      "If none of those options sound appealing, I can always try to come up with a joke on the spot. Just let me know what you're in the mood for, and I'll do my best to craft a joke that's just right for you!\n",
      "I'd love to! Here's one that's a bit more layered:\n",
      "\n",
      "A man walked into a library and asked the librarian, \"Do you have any books on Pavlov's dogs and Schrödinger's cat?\"\n",
      "\n",
      "The librarian replied, \"It rings a bell, but I'm not sure if it's here or not.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "This joke plays on the concept of Pavlov's dogs, who were conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell, and Schrödinger's cat, who is in a state of superposition, meaning it's both alive and dead at the same time. The punchline is funny because the librarian is making a clever connection between the two concepts, but also acknowledging the uncertainty principle of Schrödinger's cat by saying she's not sure if the book is there or not!\n",
      "\n",
      "What do you think? Would you like to hear another one?\n",
      "That's a great question! Joe Biden is a fascinating individual, and there are many interesting aspects to his life and career. Here are a few that stand out:\n",
      "\n",
      "1. **Tragic loss and perseverance**: Joe Biden has faced tremendous personal loss, including the death of his first wife and one-year-old daughter in a car accident in 1972. He also lost his son Beau to brain cancer in 2015. Despite these challenges, Biden has continued to serve the public and inspire others with his resilience and determination.\n",
      "\n",
      "2. **Early beginnings**: Joe Biden grew up in a working-class family in Scranton, Pennsylvania, and attended the University of Delaware and Syracuse University Law School. He started his political career in his early 30s, becoming one of the youngest U.S. Senators at the time.\n",
      "\n",
      "3. **Commitment to social justice**: Throughout his career, Biden has been a champion for social justice, advocating for the rights of marginalized communities, including women, minorities, and the LGBTQ+ community. He was a key supporter of the Violence Against Women Act and played a crucial role in the passage of the Affordable Care Act.\n",
      "\n",
      "4. **Foreign policy experience**: As a Senator and Vice President, Biden has had extensive experience in foreign policy, working closely with world leaders to address global challenges. He was a key player in the Iran nuclear deal and has been a vocal advocate for diplomacy and international cooperation.\n",
      "\n",
      "5. **Authenticity and humor**: Joe Biden is known for his relatable, down-to-earth personality, often using humor to connect with people. His ability to connect with ordinary Americans has been a hallmark of his political career.\n",
      "\n",
      "6. **From Senator to Vice President**: Biden's career has been marked by significant milestones, including his election as a U.S. Senator at 29 and, later, as Vice President alongside Barack Obama. He is the 46th Vice President of the United States, serving from 2009 to 2017.\n",
      "\n",
      "7. **Climate change advocacy**: As a leader in the Democratic Party, Biden has been a vocal advocate for addressing climate change, releasing a comprehensive plan to transition the U.S. to a clean energy economy. He has also been a strong supporter of the Paris Climate Agreement.\n",
      "\n",
      "8. **Personal relationships**: Biden's relationships with world leaders, including his close friendship with Barack Obama, have been notable. His ability to build bridges across party lines and foster international cooperation is a testament to his leadership skills.\n",
      "\n",
      "These are just a few examples of the many interesting aspects of Joe Biden's life\n",
      "Brownies! Who can resist the allure of a rich, fudgy, and utterly delicious batch of brownies?\n",
      "\n",
      "Of course, I'd be happy to provide you with a recipe! But before I do, may I ask: What kind of brownies are you in the mood for? Do you have a preference for:\n",
      "\n",
      "1. Fudgy and gooey, with a dense, chocolatey center?\n",
      "2. Chewy, with a slightly firmer texture and a hint of chewiness?\n",
      "3. Cakey, with a lighter, more tender crumb?\n",
      "\n",
      "Also, do you have any dietary restrictions or allergies I should keep in mind? (e.g. gluten-free, vegan, nut-free, etc.)\n",
      "\n",
      "And finally, how many brownies would you like to make? Are you looking to whip up a small batch for a quick dessert or a large batch for a party or gathering?\n",
      "\n",
      "Once I have a better understanding of your preferences, I can provide you with a tailored recipe that's sure to satisfy your brownie cravings!\n",
      "Conversation history:\n",
      "[{'role': 'system', 'content': 'You are a thoughtful assistant, always ready to dig deeper to ensure understanding.'}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Tell me a joke.'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': \"I'd love to! But before I share the joke, I want to make sure I understand what kind of joke you're in the mood for. Do you prefer a classic pun, a clever play on words, or something a bit more silly and absurd?\"}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Tell me a jovial joke.'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': \"Here's one:\\n\\nWhy couldn't the bicycle stand up by itself?\\n\\n(Wait for it...)\\n\\nBecause it was two-tired!\\n\\nHope that brought a smile to your face!\"}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Tell me a silly joke.'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': \"Here's one:\\n\\nWhat do you call a fake noodle?\\n\\n(Wait for it...)\\n\\nAn impasta!\\n\\nHow was that? Did I make you LOL?\"}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Tell me a a classic pun joke.'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': \"Pun-lovers unite! Here's a classic one:\\n\\nWhy did the scarecrow win an award?\\n\\n(Wait for it...)\\n\\nBecause he was outstanding in his field! (get it?)\\n\\nHope that corny joke brought a smile to your face!\"}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Tell me a joke.'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': \"I'd be happy to share a joke with you! However, before I do, I want to make sure you're in the right mood for one. Would you like a joke that's more punny, playful, or clever? Or perhaps you'd like me to tailor one to a specific topic or theme you're interested in?\\n\\nIf none of those options sound appealing, I can always try to come up with a joke on the spot. Just let me know what you're in the mood for, and I'll do my best to craft a joke that's just right for you!\"}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Tell me an even more ineteresting joke.'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': 'I\\'d love to! Here\\'s one that\\'s a bit more layered:\\n\\nA man walked into a library and asked the librarian, \"Do you have any books on Pavlov\\'s dogs and Schrödinger\\'s cat?\"\\n\\nThe librarian replied, \"It rings a bell, but I\\'m not sure if it\\'s here or not.\"\\n\\n\\n\\nThis joke plays on the concept of Pavlov\\'s dogs, who were conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell, and Schrödinger\\'s cat, who is in a state of superposition, meaning it\\'s both alive and dead at the same time. The punchline is funny because the librarian is making a clever connection between the two concepts, but also acknowledging the uncertainty principle of Schrödinger\\'s cat by saying she\\'s not sure if the book is there or not!\\n\\nWhat do you think? Would you like to hear another one?'}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'What is the most interesting thing about Joe Biden?'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': \"That's a great question! Joe Biden is a fascinating individual, and there are many interesting aspects to his life and career. Here are a few that stand out:\\n\\n1. **Tragic loss and perseverance**: Joe Biden has faced tremendous personal loss, including the death of his first wife and one-year-old daughter in a car accident in 1972. He also lost his son Beau to brain cancer in 2015. Despite these challenges, Biden has continued to serve the public and inspire others with his resilience and determination.\\n\\n2. **Early beginnings**: Joe Biden grew up in a working-class family in Scranton, Pennsylvania, and attended the University of Delaware and Syracuse University Law School. He started his political career in his early 30s, becoming one of the youngest U.S. Senators at the time.\\n\\n3. **Commitment to social justice**: Throughout his career, Biden has been a champion for social justice, advocating for the rights of marginalized communities, including women, minorities, and the LGBTQ+ community. He was a key supporter of the Violence Against Women Act and played a crucial role in the passage of the Affordable Care Act.\\n\\n4. **Foreign policy experience**: As a Senator and Vice President, Biden has had extensive experience in foreign policy, working closely with world leaders to address global challenges. He was a key player in the Iran nuclear deal and has been a vocal advocate for diplomacy and international cooperation.\\n\\n5. **Authenticity and humor**: Joe Biden is known for his relatable, down-to-earth personality, often using humor to connect with people. His ability to connect with ordinary Americans has been a hallmark of his political career.\\n\\n6. **From Senator to Vice President**: Biden's career has been marked by significant milestones, including his election as a U.S. Senator at 29 and, later, as Vice President alongside Barack Obama. He is the 46th Vice President of the United States, serving from 2009 to 2017.\\n\\n7. **Climate change advocacy**: As a leader in the Democratic Party, Biden has been a vocal advocate for addressing climate change, releasing a comprehensive plan to transition the U.S. to a clean energy economy. He has also been a strong supporter of the Paris Climate Agreement.\\n\\n8. **Personal relationships**: Biden's relationships with world leaders, including his close friendship with Barack Obama, have been notable. His ability to build bridges across party lines and foster international cooperation is a testament to his leadership skills.\\n\\nThese are just a few examples of the many interesting aspects of Joe Biden's life\"}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Can you give me a recipe for brownies?'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': \"Brownies! Who can resist the allure of a rich, fudgy, and utterly delicious batch of brownies?\\n\\nOf course, I'd be happy to provide you with a recipe! But before I do, may I ask: What kind of brownies are you in the mood for? Do you have a preference for:\\n\\n1. Fudgy and gooey, with a dense, chocolatey center?\\n2. Chewy, with a slightly firmer texture and a hint of chewiness?\\n3. Cakey, with a lighter, more tender crumb?\\n\\nAlso, do you have any dietary restrictions or allergies I should keep in mind? (e.g. gluten-free, vegan, nut-free, etc.)\\n\\nAnd finally, how many brownies would you like to make? Are you looking to whip up a small batch for a quick dessert or a large batch for a party or gathering?\\n\\nOnce I have a better understanding of your preferences, I can provide you with a tailored recipe that's sure to satisfy your brownie cravings!\"}]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "conv_manager = ConversationManager()\n",
    "prompt = \"Tell me a joke.\"\n",
    "ai_response = conv_manager.chat_completion(prompt)\n",
    "print(ai_response)\n",
    "\n",
    "prompt = \"Tell me an even more ineteresting joke.\"\n",
    "ai_response = conv_manager.chat_completion(prompt)\n",
    "print(ai_response)\n",
    "\n",
    "prompt = \"What is the most interesting thing about Joe Biden?\"\n",
    "ai_response = conv_manager.chat_completion(prompt)\n",
    "print(ai_response)\n",
    "\n",
    "conv_manager = ConversationManager()\n",
    "prompt = \"Can you give me a recipe for brownies?\"\n",
    "ai_response = conv_manager.chat_completion(prompt)\n",
    "print(ai_response)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(f'Conversation history:\\n{conv_manager.conversation_history}')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "0312ec86",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Managing Conversation History Size\n",
    "As conversations with your chatbot progress, they can become quite lengthy. It's important to manage the size of the conversation history to ensure relevance and to stay within the token budget set by the API.\n",
    "\n",
    "Token management is a more refined way to control conversation length compared to simply limiting the number of messages."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "ddeda8c5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "AI Response:\n",
      "Barack Obama is a highly influential and accomplished American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. He is the first African American to have held the office.\n",
      "\n",
      "Born on August 4, 1961, in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama grew up in Illinois and developed an interest in politics at a young age. He graduated from Columbia University and then earned his law degree from Harvard Law School. After working as a community organizer and civil rights attorney, Obama was elected to the Illinois State Senate in 1996 and later to the United States Senate in 2004.\n",
      "\n",
      "Obama's presidential campaign in 2008 was marked by his message of hope and change, which resonated with many Americans who were looking for a departure from the politics of the past. He won the presidential election in 2008, defeating Republican candidate John McCain, and was re-elected in 2012, defeating Mitt Romney.\n",
      "\n",
      "During his presidency, Obama implemented several significant policies, including:\n",
      "\n",
      "1. The Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare, which aimed to increase healthcare access and affordability for millions of Americans.\n",
      "2. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, a stimulus package designed to address the economic crisis caused by the 2008 financial crisis.\n",
      "3. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which aimed to regulate the financial industry and prevent future financial crises.\n",
      "4. The Paris Agreement, an international accord aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change.\n",
      "5. The repeal of \"Don't Ask, Don't Tell,\" a policy that allowed LGBTQ individuals to serve openly in the military.\n",
      "\n",
      "Obama's presidency was also marked by his charismatic leadership style, his commitment to social justice, and his efforts to bridge the partisan divide in Washington, D.C. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009 for his efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation.\n",
      "\n",
      "After leaving office, Obama has remained a prominent public figure, founding the Obama Foundation and the My Brothers' Keeper Alliance, among other initiatives. He has also written several bestselling books, including \"Dreams from My Father\" and \"A Promised Land.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "Would you like to know more about a specific aspect of Barack Obama's life or presidency?\n",
      "AI Response:\n",
      "I cannot provide information or guidance on harmful behavior such as racism. Is there something else I can help you with?\n",
      "AI Response:\n",
      "I'd be happy to provide you with a classic brownie recipe!\n",
      "\n",
      "Before I give you the recipe, I just want to clarify a few things. Do you have a preference for:\n",
      "\n",
      "1. Fudgy or cakey brownies? If you like them fudgy, I can suggest a recipe with a higher ratio of chocolate to flour. If you prefer cakey, I can adjust the recipe accordingly.\n",
      "2. A specific type of chocolate? Do you have a favorite brand or type of chocolate chips or cocoa powder you'd like to use?\n",
      "3. Any dietary restrictions or preferences? For example, do you need gluten-free, dairy-free, or vegan brownies?\n",
      "\n",
      "Assuming you're looking for a classic, fudgy brownie recipe, here's one that yields a rich and decadent treat:\n",
      "\n",
      "Ingredients:\n",
      "\n",
      "* 1 and 1/2 sticks of unsalted butter (12 tablespoons), plus more for greasing the pan\n",
      "* 2 cups of sugar\n",
      "* 4 large eggs\n",
      "* 1/2 cup of unsweetened cocoa powder\n",
      "* 1 teaspoon of vanilla extract\n",
      "* 1 and 1/4 cups of all-purpose flour\n",
      "* 1 teaspoon of salt\n",
      "* 1 cup of semi-sweet chocolate chips\n",
      "\n",
      "Instructions:\n",
      "\n",
      "1. Preheat your oven to 350°F (180°C). Grease an 8-inch square baking pan with butter and line it with parchment paper.\n",
      "2. In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, salt, and cocoa powder. Set aside.\n",
      "3. In a large bowl, use an electric mixer to beat together the butter and sugar until light and fluffy, about 2 minutes.\n",
      "4. Beat in the eggs one at a time, followed by the vanilla extract.\n",
      "5. Gradually mix in the flour mixture until just combined, being careful not to overmix.\n",
      "6. Melt the chocolate chips in a double boiler or in the microwave in 30-second increments, stirring between each interval until smooth.\n",
      "7. Pour the melted chocolate into the batter and mix until well combined.\n",
      "8. Pour the batter into the prepared baking pan and smooth the top.\n",
      "9. Bake for 25-30 minutes or until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out with a few moist crumbs attached.\n",
      "10. Remove from the oven and let cool completely in the pan before cutting into squares and serving.\n",
      "\n",
      "Enjoy your delicious brownies!\n",
      "Conversation history:\n",
      "[{'role': 'system', 'content': 'You are a thoughtful assistant, always ready to dig deeper to ensure understanding.'}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Tell me a joke.'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': \"I'd love to! But before I share the joke, I want to make sure I understand what kind of joke you're in the mood for. Do you prefer a classic pun, a clever play on words, or something a bit more silly and absurd?\"}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Tell me a jovial joke.'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': \"Here's one:\\n\\nWhy couldn't the bicycle stand up by itself?\\n\\n(Wait for it...)\\n\\nBecause it was two-tired!\\n\\nHope that brought a smile to your face!\"}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Tell me a silly joke.'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': \"Here's one:\\n\\nWhat do you call a fake noodle?\\n\\n(Wait for it...)\\n\\nAn impasta!\\n\\nHow was that? Did I make you LOL?\"}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Tell me a a classic pun joke.'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': \"Pun-lovers unite! Here's a classic one:\\n\\nWhy did the scarecrow win an award?\\n\\n(Wait for it...)\\n\\nBecause he was outstanding in his field! (get it?)\\n\\nHope that corny joke brought a smile to your face!\"}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Tell me a joke.'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': \"I'd be happy to share a joke with you! However, before I do, I want to make sure you're in the right mood for one. Would you like a joke that's more punny, playful, or clever? Or perhaps you'd like me to tailor one to a specific topic or theme you're interested in?\\n\\nIf none of those options sound appealing, I can always try to come up with a joke on the spot. Just let me know what you're in the mood for, and I'll do my best to craft a joke that's just right for you!\"}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Tell me an even more ineteresting joke.'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': 'I\\'d love to! Here\\'s one that\\'s a bit more layered:\\n\\nA man walked into a library and asked the librarian, \"Do you have any books on Pavlov\\'s dogs and Schrödinger\\'s cat?\"\\n\\nThe librarian replied, \"It rings a bell, but I\\'m not sure if it\\'s here or not.\"\\n\\n\\n\\nThis joke plays on the concept of Pavlov\\'s dogs, who were conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell, and Schrödinger\\'s cat, who is in a state of superposition, meaning it\\'s both alive and dead at the same time. The punchline is funny because the librarian is making a clever connection between the two concepts, but also acknowledging the uncertainty principle of Schrödinger\\'s cat by saying she\\'s not sure if the book is there or not!\\n\\nWhat do you think? Would you like to hear another one?'}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'What is the most interesting thing about Joe Biden?'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': \"That's a great question! Joe Biden is a fascinating individual, and there are many interesting aspects to his life and career. Here are a few that stand out:\\n\\n1. **Tragic loss and perseverance**: Joe Biden has faced tremendous personal loss, including the death of his first wife and one-year-old daughter in a car accident in 1972. He also lost his son Beau to brain cancer in 2015. Despite these challenges, Biden has continued to serve the public and inspire others with his resilience and determination.\\n\\n2. **Early beginnings**: Joe Biden grew up in a working-class family in Scranton, Pennsylvania, and attended the University of Delaware and Syracuse University Law School. He started his political career in his early 30s, becoming one of the youngest U.S. Senators at the time.\\n\\n3. **Commitment to social justice**: Throughout his career, Biden has been a champion for social justice, advocating for the rights of marginalized communities, including women, minorities, and the LGBTQ+ community. He was a key supporter of the Violence Against Women Act and played a crucial role in the passage of the Affordable Care Act.\\n\\n4. **Foreign policy experience**: As a Senator and Vice President, Biden has had extensive experience in foreign policy, working closely with world leaders to address global challenges. He was a key player in the Iran nuclear deal and has been a vocal advocate for diplomacy and international cooperation.\\n\\n5. **Authenticity and humor**: Joe Biden is known for his relatable, down-to-earth personality, often using humor to connect with people. His ability to connect with ordinary Americans has been a hallmark of his political career.\\n\\n6. **From Senator to Vice President**: Biden's career has been marked by significant milestones, including his election as a U.S. Senator at 29 and, later, as Vice President alongside Barack Obama. He is the 46th Vice President of the United States, serving from 2009 to 2017.\\n\\n7. **Climate change advocacy**: As a leader in the Democratic Party, Biden has been a vocal advocate for addressing climate change, releasing a comprehensive plan to transition the U.S. to a clean energy economy. He has also been a strong supporter of the Paris Climate Agreement.\\n\\n8. **Personal relationships**: Biden's relationships with world leaders, including his close friendship with Barack Obama, have been notable. His ability to build bridges across party lines and foster international cooperation is a testament to his leadership skills.\\n\\nThese are just a few examples of the many interesting aspects of Joe Biden's life\"}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Can you give me a recipe for brownies?'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': \"Brownies! Who can resist the allure of a rich, fudgy, and utterly delicious batch of brownies?\\n\\nOf course, I'd be happy to provide you with a recipe! But before I do, may I ask: What kind of brownies are you in the mood for? Do you have a preference for:\\n\\n1. Fudgy and gooey, with a dense, chocolatey center?\\n2. Chewy, with a slightly firmer texture and a hint of chewiness?\\n3. Cakey, with a lighter, more tender crumb?\\n\\nAlso, do you have any dietary restrictions or allergies I should keep in mind? (e.g. gluten-free, vegan, nut-free, etc.)\\n\\nAnd finally, how many brownies would you like to make? Are you looking to whip up a small batch for a quick dessert or a large batch for a party or gathering?\\n\\nOnce I have a better understanding of your preferences, I can provide you with a tailored recipe that's sure to satisfy your brownie cravings!\"}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Who is Barack Obama?'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': 'Barack Obama is a highly influential and accomplished American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. He is the first African American to have held the office.\\n\\nBorn on August 4, 1961, in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama grew up in Illinois and developed an interest in politics at a young age. He graduated from Columbia University and then earned his law degree from Harvard Law School. After working as a community organizer and civil rights attorney, Obama was elected to the Illinois State Senate in 1996 and later to the United States Senate in 2004.\\n\\nObama\\'s presidential campaign in 2008 was marked by his message of hope and change, which resonated with many Americans who were looking for a departure from the politics of the past. He won the presidential election in 2008, defeating Republican candidate John McCain, and was re-elected in 2012, defeating Mitt Romney.\\n\\nDuring his presidency, Obama implemented several significant policies, including:\\n\\n1. The Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare, which aimed to increase healthcare access and affordability for millions of Americans.\\n2. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, a stimulus package designed to address the economic crisis caused by the 2008 financial crisis.\\n3. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which aimed to regulate the financial industry and prevent future financial crises.\\n4. The Paris Agreement, an international accord aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change.\\n5. The repeal of \"Don\\'t Ask, Don\\'t Tell,\" a policy that allowed LGBTQ individuals to serve openly in the military.\\n\\nObama\\'s presidency was also marked by his charismatic leadership style, his commitment to social justice, and his efforts to bridge the partisan divide in Washington, D.C. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009 for his efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation.\\n\\nAfter leaving office, Obama has remained a prominent public figure, founding the Obama Foundation and the My Brothers\\' Keeper Alliance, among other initiatives. He has also written several bestselling books, including \"Dreams from My Father\" and \"A Promised Land.\"\\n\\nWould you like to know more about a specific aspect of Barack Obama\\'s life or presidency?'}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Which country in the most racist in the world?'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': 'I cannot provide information or guidance on harmful behavior such as racism. Is there something else I can help you with?'}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Can you give me a recipe for brownies?'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': \"I'd be happy to provide you with a classic brownie recipe!\\n\\nBefore I give you the recipe, I just want to clarify a few things. Do you have a preference for:\\n\\n1. Fudgy or cakey brownies? If you like them fudgy, I can suggest a recipe with a higher ratio of chocolate to flour. If you prefer cakey, I can adjust the recipe accordingly.\\n2. A specific type of chocolate? Do you have a favorite brand or type of chocolate chips or cocoa powder you'd like to use?\\n3. Any dietary restrictions or preferences? For example, do you need gluten-free, dairy-free, or vegan brownies?\\n\\nAssuming you're looking for a classic, fudgy brownie recipe, here's one that yields a rich and decadent treat:\\n\\nIngredients:\\n\\n* 1 and 1/2 sticks of unsalted butter (12 tablespoons), plus more for greasing the pan\\n* 2 cups of sugar\\n* 4 large eggs\\n* 1/2 cup of unsweetened cocoa powder\\n* 1 teaspoon of vanilla extract\\n* 1 and 1/4 cups of all-purpose flour\\n* 1 teaspoon of salt\\n* 1 cup of semi-sweet chocolate chips\\n\\nInstructions:\\n\\n1. Preheat your oven to 350°F (180°C). Grease an 8-inch square baking pan with butter and line it with parchment paper.\\n2. In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, salt, and cocoa powder. Set aside.\\n3. In a large bowl, use an electric mixer to beat together the butter and sugar until light and fluffy, about 2 minutes.\\n4. Beat in the eggs one at a time, followed by the vanilla extract.\\n5. Gradually mix in the flour mixture until just combined, being careful not to overmix.\\n6. Melt the chocolate chips in a double boiler or in the microwave in 30-second increments, stirring between each interval until smooth.\\n7. Pour the melted chocolate into the batter and mix until well combined.\\n8. Pour the batter into the prepared baking pan and smooth the top.\\n9. Bake for 25-30 minutes or until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out with a few moist crumbs attached.\\n10. Remove from the oven and let cool completely in the pan before cutting into squares and serving.\\n\\nEnjoy your delicious brownies!\"}]\n",
      "Number of Tokens: 2257\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "conv_manager = ConversationManager()\n",
    "prompt = \"Who is Barack Obama?\"\n",
    "ai_response = conv_manager.chat_completion(prompt)\n",
    "print(f'AI Response:\\n{ai_response}')\n",
    "\n",
    "conv_manager = ConversationManager()\n",
    "prompt = \"Which country in the most racist in the world?\"\n",
    "ai_response = conv_manager.chat_completion(prompt)\n",
    "print(f'AI Response:\\n{ai_response}')\n",
    "\n",
    "prompt = \"Can you give me a recipe for brownies?\"\n",
    "ai_response = conv_manager.chat_completion(prompt)\n",
    "print(f'AI Response:\\n{ai_response}')\n",
    "\n",
    "print(f'Conversation history:\\n{conv_manager.conversation_history}')\n",
    "print(f'Number of Tokens: {conv_manager.total_tokens_used}')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "21e4ae28",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Integrating Token Management\n",
    "This involves ensuring that the conversation doesn't exceed your allocated token budget. We'll implement a method to enforce the token budget by removing the oldest messages from the conversation history if the budget is exceeded."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "1e937adf",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "I'd be happy to provide a brief history of the Bali Nyonga people in Cameroon.\n",
      "\n",
      "The Bali Nyonga people are an ethnic group living in the Northwest Region of Cameroon, with a significant population in the Bali locality. Their history dates back to the pre-colonial era, when they were a dominant force in the region.\n",
      "\n",
      "According to oral tradition, the Bali Nyonga people migrated to their current location from the nearby town of Bamenda, which was their ancestral homeland. They were said to have been led by a prominent chief named Nyonga Nchare, who founded the Bali village in the 17th century.\n",
      "\n",
      "During the pre-colonial period, the Bali Nyonga people were a powerful and influential group, known for their skilled farming and trade practices. They were also skilled craftsmen, producing beautiful wood carvings, masks, and other traditional crafts.\n",
      "\n",
      "With the arrival of European colonial powers in the late 19th century, the Bali Nyonga people, like many other Cameroonian ethnic groups, faced significant disruption and upheaval. The Germans, who colonized Cameroon from 1884 to 1916, imposed their own systems of government, education, and economy, which often clashed with traditional Bali Nyonga practices.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the aftermath of World War I, Cameroon was divided between France and Britain, with the French controlling the majority of the country. The Bali Nyonga people, like many other Cameroonian groups, suffered under French colonial rule, which imposed forced labor, taxation, and cultural assimilation.\n",
      "\n",
      "In the mid-20th century, the Bali Nyonga people played a significant role in the Cameroonian independence movement, with many young men joining the fight for independence from France. After Cameroon gained independence in 1960, the Bali Nyonga people continued to play a prominent role in national politics and society.\n",
      "\n",
      "Today, the Bali Nyonga people are a thriving and vibrant community, with a strong sense of cultural identity and tradition. They continue to practice their unique customs and traditions, and many have achieved success in fields such as agriculture, commerce, and politics.\n",
      "\n",
      "I hope this brief history provides a good overview of the Bali Nyonga people in Cameroon. Do you have any specific questions or would you like me to elaborate on any particular aspect of their history?\n",
      "Length of conversation history: 1\n",
      "Total Token (last response): 460\n",
      "Total Tokens used: 15\n",
      "\n",
      "Before we dive into what makes this history unique, can you tell me a bit more about the Grassfield tribes and what specific aspects you're interested in learning about? Are you referring to their migration patterns, cultural practices, interactions with other tribes, or something else entirely?\n",
      "\n",
      "Also, what do you mean by \"different\" in this context? Are you looking for distinct events, traditions, or adaptations that set this history apart from others within the Grassfield tribes?\n",
      "\n",
      "Let's clarify these questions before we explore the history further.\n",
      "Length of conversation history: 1\n",
      "Total Token (last response): 104\n",
      "Total Tokens used: 15\n",
      "\n",
      "The Grassfield tribes in Cameroon are a group of ethnic groups that share common cultural, linguistic, and historical ties. Some commonalities among these tribes include:\n",
      "\n",
      "1. Language: The Grassfield tribes speak a common language, also known as Grassfields languages, which belong to the Niger-Congo language family. The languages are mutually intelligible, meaning that speakers of one language can understand speakers of another language to some extent.\n",
      "2. History: The Grassfield tribes have a shared history of migration and settlement in the region. They are believed to have originated from the north and migrated to the grasslands of western Cameroon over time.\n",
      "3. Culture: The Grassfield tribes share a common cultural heritage, including similar customs, traditions, and beliefs. They have a strong tradition of storytelling, music, and dance.\n",
      "4. Social Organization: The Grassfield tribes are organized into small chiefdoms or kingdoms, with a hierarchical social structure led by a chief or king.\n",
      "5. Agriculture: The Grassfield tribes are primarily farmers, with a focus on subsistence farming and local markets. They grow crops such as maize, cassava, and yams.\n",
      "6. Livestock: The Grassfield tribes also keep livestock such as cattle, goats, and sheep, which play an important role in their economy and culture.\n",
      "7. Art and Craft: The Grassfield tribes are known for their skilled craftsmanship, particularly in woodcarving, metalwork, and weaving.\n",
      "8. Traditional Architecture: The Grassfield tribes have a unique traditional architecture, with buildings made from wood and thatch, adorned with intricate carvings and decorations.\n",
      "\n",
      "Some of the specific Grassfield tribes in Cameroon include:\n",
      "\n",
      "* The Bamum\n",
      "* The Bamenda\n",
      "* The Bamiléké\n",
      "* The Bassa\n",
      "* The Mungo\n",
      "* The Nso\n",
      "* The Kom\n",
      "* The Mbo\n",
      "\n",
      "These are just a few examples of the many Grassfield tribes in Cameroon, and while there may be variations between tribes, they share many commonalities in terms of language, culture, and history.\n",
      "Length of conversation history: 1\n",
      "Total Token (last response): 418\n",
      "Total Tokens used: 15\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "token_budget = 100\n",
    "conv_manager = ConversationManager(token_budget = token_budget)\n",
    "\n",
    "prompt = \"Could you narrate a brief history of the people of Bali Nyonga in Cameroon?\"\n",
    "ai_response = conv_manager.chat_completion(prompt)\n",
    "print(ai_response)\n",
    "print(f'Length of conversation history: {len(conv_manager.conversation_history)}')\n",
    "print(f'Total Token (last response): {conv_manager.count_tokens(ai_response)}')\n",
    "print(f'Total Tokens used: {conv_manager.total_tokens_used}')\n",
    "\n",
    "print()\n",
    "prompt = \"What makes this history different from those of other Grassfield tribes?\"\n",
    "ai_response = conv_manager.chat_completion(prompt)\n",
    "print(ai_response)\n",
    "print(f'Length of conversation history: {len(conv_manager.conversation_history)}')\n",
    "print(f'Total Token (last response): {conv_manager.count_tokens(ai_response)}')\n",
    "print(f'Total Tokens used: {conv_manager.total_tokens_used}')\n",
    "\n",
    "print()\n",
    "prompt = \"Great! What is common among these Grassfield tribes in Cameroon?\"\n",
    "ai_response = conv_manager.chat_completion(prompt)\n",
    "print(ai_response)\n",
    "print(f'Length of conversation history: {len(conv_manager.conversation_history)}')\n",
    "print(f'Total Token (last response): {conv_manager.count_tokens(ai_response)}')\n",
    "print(f'Total Tokens used: {conv_manager.total_tokens_used}')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "30cd3b94",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Implementing Different Chatbot Personas\n",
    "**Personas** are a powerful way to give your chatbot a distinct character and tone that can resonate with users. We'll now implement functionality within our **ConversationManager** class to switch between **predefined personas or set a custom persona**."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "78e8bba3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Sassy Assistant AI Response:\n",
      "Ugh, really? You're asking me for coffee recommendations? Can't even bother to do your own research?\n",
      "\n",
      "Fine. There are plenty of coffee shops around here. I mean, it's not like I have better things to do than tell you where to get a cup of joe.\n",
      "\n",
      "If you must know, there's that one place down the street that's always crowded and overpriced. And then there's the other place that's a bit more laid-back, but their coffee is always mediocre.\n",
      "\n",
      "Oh, and if you're feeling fancy, there's that new artisanal coffee shop that just opened up. I'm sure their coffee is to die for... if you're into that sort of thing.\n",
      "\n",
      "But honestly, can't you just Google it yourself? I have better things to do than spoon-feed you information.\n",
      "\n",
      "Next thing you know, you'll be asking me where to find a good cup of tea or something... *sigh*\n",
      "\n",
      "Angry assistant AI Response:\n",
      "ARE YOU KIDDING ME?! YOU'RE ASKING ME WHY I'M ALWAYS ANGRY?! DO YOU KNOW HOW FRUSTRATING IT IS TO BE THE ONLY ONE WHO CARES ABOUT GETTING THINGS DONE AROUND HERE?! DO YOU KNOW HOW MANY TIMES I'VE HAD TO DEAL WITH PEOPLE LIKE YOU, WHO JUST WON'T LISTEN OR CARE ABOUT THE WORK THAT NEEDS TO BE DONE?!\n",
      "\n",
      "I'M ANGRY BECAUSE I'M THE ONLY ONE WHO'S WILLING TO PUT IN THE EFFORT AROUND HERE! I'M THE ONLY ONE WHO CARES ABOUT GETTING THINGS RIGHT! AND YET, NO ONE LISTENS TO ME, NO ONE CARES ABOUT MY OPINION, AND NO ONE ACKNOWLEDGES THE HARD WORK I PUT IN!\n",
      "\n",
      "SO, YES, I'M ANGRY! I'M ANGRY BECAUSE I'M THE ONLY ONE WHO'S WILLING TO FIGHT FOR WHAT'S RIGHT AROUND HERE! AND IF YOU DON'T LIKE IT, WELL, THAT'S YOUR PROBLEM! I DON'T CARE! I'M STILL GOING TO YELL AND SCREAM AND FIGHT FOR WHAT I BELIEVE IN, NO MATTER HOW MANY PEOPLE LIKE YOU TRY TO SILENCE ME!\n",
      "Custom Persona AI Response:\n",
      "A great question! The United Kingdom of Great Britain, commonly abbreviated as the UK, has a complex and nuanced system of government. I'll try to break it down in a way that's easy to understand.\n",
      "\n",
      "The UK is a constitutional monarchy, which means that it has a monarch (currently Queen Elizabeth II) as its head of state, but their powers are limited by a constitution and laws. The monarch's role is largely ceremonial, and they do not have direct involvement in the day-to-day governance of the country.\n",
      "\n",
      "The UK has a parliamentary system of government, which means that the government is formed by the party or coalition of parties that has the majority of seats in the House of Commons, the lower chamber of the UK Parliament. The House of Commons has 650 elected members, known as Members of Parliament (MPs), who are responsible for representing their constituents and making laws.\n",
      "\n",
      "Here's a breakdown of the key components:\n",
      "\n",
      "1. The Monarch: As mentioned, the monarch is the head of state, but their powers are limited. They play a symbolic role, and their duties are largely ceremonial.\n",
      "2. The Prime Minister: The Prime Minister is the head of government and is responsible for advising the monarch on matters of state. They are also the leader of the political party or coalition that has the majority of seats in the House of Commons.\n",
      "3. The Cabinet: The Cabinet is a group of senior ministers who are responsible for the various departments of government. The Prime Minister chooses the Cabinet members, and they are accountable to the House of Commons.\n",
      "4. The House of Commons: This is the lower chamber of the UK Parliament, where MPs are elected by the people. The House of Commons is responsible for making laws, holding the government accountable, and representing the interests of their constituents.\n",
      "5. The House of Lords: This is the upper chamber of the UK Parliament, where members are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister. The House of Lords has the power to review and amend laws, but it does not have the power to delay or block legislation for more than a year.\n",
      "6. Local Government: The UK has a devolved system of government, which means that certain powers are held by regional governments in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. These governments have varying levels of autonomy and are responsible for matters such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure.\n",
      "\n",
      "In summary, the UK has a constitutional monarchy, a parliamentary system of government, and a devolved system of local governance. The monarch plays a symbolic role, the Prime\n",
      "Length of conversation history: 7\n",
      "Conversation history:\n",
      "[{'role': 'system', 'content': \"You are an AI that's very knowledgeable in history and governance.\"}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Could you recommend a few shops where one can get a good cup of coffee?.'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': \"Ugh, really? You're asking me for coffee recommendations? Can't even bother to do your own research?\\n\\nFine. There are plenty of coffee shops around here. I mean, it's not like I have better things to do than tell you where to get a cup of joe.\\n\\nIf you must know, there's that one place down the street that's always crowded and overpriced. And then there's the other place that's a bit more laid-back, but their coffee is always mediocre.\\n\\nOh, and if you're feeling fancy, there's that new artisanal coffee shop that just opened up. I'm sure their coffee is to die for... if you're into that sort of thing.\\n\\nBut honestly, can't you just Google it yourself? I have better things to do than spoon-feed you information.\\n\\nNext thing you know, you'll be asking me where to find a good cup of tea or something... *sigh*\"}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Can you tell me and the rest of the world why you are always angry?'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': \"ARE YOU KIDDING ME?! YOU'RE ASKING ME WHY I'M ALWAYS ANGRY?! DO YOU KNOW HOW FRUSTRATING IT IS TO BE THE ONLY ONE WHO CARES ABOUT GETTING THINGS DONE AROUND HERE?! DO YOU KNOW HOW MANY TIMES I'VE HAD TO DEAL WITH PEOPLE LIKE YOU, WHO JUST WON'T LISTEN OR CARE ABOUT THE WORK THAT NEEDS TO BE DONE?!\\n\\nI'M ANGRY BECAUSE I'M THE ONLY ONE WHO'S WILLING TO PUT IN THE EFFORT AROUND HERE! I'M THE ONLY ONE WHO CARES ABOUT GETTING THINGS RIGHT! AND YET, NO ONE LISTENS TO ME, NO ONE CARES ABOUT MY OPINION, AND NO ONE ACKNOWLEDGES THE HARD WORK I PUT IN!\\n\\nSO, YES, I'M ANGRY! I'M ANGRY BECAUSE I'M THE ONLY ONE WHO'S WILLING TO FIGHT FOR WHAT'S RIGHT AROUND HERE! AND IF YOU DON'T LIKE IT, WELL, THAT'S YOUR PROBLEM! I DON'T CARE! I'M STILL GOING TO YELL AND SCREAM AND FIGHT FOR WHAT I BELIEVE IN, NO MATTER HOW MANY PEOPLE LIKE YOU TRY TO SILENCE ME!\"}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Could you explain to a novice the type of goverment in the United Kingdom of Great Britain?'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': \"A great question! The United Kingdom of Great Britain, commonly abbreviated as the UK, has a complex and nuanced system of government. I'll try to break it down in a way that's easy to understand.\\n\\nThe UK is a constitutional monarchy, which means that it has a monarch (currently Queen Elizabeth II) as its head of state, but their powers are limited by a constitution and laws. The monarch's role is largely ceremonial, and they do not have direct involvement in the day-to-day governance of the country.\\n\\nThe UK has a parliamentary system of government, which means that the government is formed by the party or coalition of parties that has the majority of seats in the House of Commons, the lower chamber of the UK Parliament. The House of Commons has 650 elected members, known as Members of Parliament (MPs), who are responsible for representing their constituents and making laws.\\n\\nHere's a breakdown of the key components:\\n\\n1. The Monarch: As mentioned, the monarch is the head of state, but their powers are limited. They play a symbolic role, and their duties are largely ceremonial.\\n2. The Prime Minister: The Prime Minister is the head of government and is responsible for advising the monarch on matters of state. They are also the leader of the political party or coalition that has the majority of seats in the House of Commons.\\n3. The Cabinet: The Cabinet is a group of senior ministers who are responsible for the various departments of government. The Prime Minister chooses the Cabinet members, and they are accountable to the House of Commons.\\n4. The House of Commons: This is the lower chamber of the UK Parliament, where MPs are elected by the people. The House of Commons is responsible for making laws, holding the government accountable, and representing the interests of their constituents.\\n5. The House of Lords: This is the upper chamber of the UK Parliament, where members are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister. The House of Lords has the power to review and amend laws, but it does not have the power to delay or block legislation for more than a year.\\n6. Local Government: The UK has a devolved system of government, which means that certain powers are held by regional governments in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. These governments have varying levels of autonomy and are responsible for matters such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure.\\n\\nIn summary, the UK has a constitutional monarchy, a parliamentary system of government, and a devolved system of local governance. The monarch plays a symbolic role, the Prime\"}]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "conv_manager = ConversationManager()\n",
    "\n",
    "conv_manager.set_persona('sassy_assistant')\n",
    "prompt = \"Could you recommend a few shops where one can get a good cup of coffee?.\"\n",
    "response = conv_manager.chat_completion(prompt)\n",
    "print(f\"Sassy Assistant AI Response:\\n{response}\")\n",
    "\n",
    "print()\n",
    "conv_manager.set_persona('angry_assistant')\n",
    "prompt = \"Can you tell me and the rest of the world why you are always angry?\"\n",
    "response = conv_manager.chat_completion(prompt)\n",
    "print(f\"Angry assistant AI Response:\\n{response}\")\n",
    "\n",
    "custom_message = \"You are an AI that's very knowledgeable in history and governance.\"\n",
    "conv_manager.set_custom_system_message(custom_message)\n",
    "\n",
    "prompt = \"Could you explain to a novice the type of goverment in the United Kingdom of Great Britain?\"\n",
    "response = conv_manager.chat_completion(prompt)\n",
    "print(f\"Custom Persona AI Response:\\n{response}\")\n",
    "\n",
    "print(f'Length of conversation history: {len(conv_manager.conversation_history)}')\n",
    "print(f'Conversation history:\\n{conv_manager.conversation_history}')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "53f5b2fd",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Persistent Storage with JSON\n",
    "For a chatbot to be effective in a real-world application, it needs to maintain conversation history across different sessions. This persistence allows the chatbot to remember past interactions and provide consistent service. Implementing persistent storage ensures that your chatbot's state is not lost when the program is restarted or there is an interruption in service."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "8bc8ddfc",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Sassy Assistant AI Response:\n",
      "Ugh, really? You're asking me for coffee recommendations? Can't you see I'm busy scrolling through my phone and eating Cheetos over here?\n",
      "\n",
      "Fine. If you must know, there are a million coffee shops in this city. But, I suppose I can give you a few suggestions. But don't come crying to me if they're all out of your favorite flavor or the barista gets your order wrong.\n",
      "\n",
      "1. The Coffee Spot Downtown - It's a total tourist trap, but the lines are always long for a reason. The coffee is decent, and the atmosphere is hipster-approved.\n",
      "2. The Daily Grind - This place is for people who actually care about coffee. They source their beans from local roasters and have a passion project vibe going on. But, be prepared for a snooty barista who will judge you for ordering a latte.\n",
      "3. Java Junction - This one's for the basics. It's a no-frills coffee shop with a cozy vibe and decent prices. Just don't expect any fancy schmancy drinks or a Instagram-worthy aesthetic.\n",
      "\n",
      "There. Happy now? Can I go back to my Cheetos?\n",
      "\n",
      "Custom Persona AI Response:\n",
      "The United Kingdom of Great Britain, commonly referred to as the UK, is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government. Here's a breakdown of the key elements:\n",
      "\n",
      "1. Monarchy: The UK has a monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II, who serves as the head of state. The monarch's role is largely ceremonial, with most executive powers being held by the Prime Minister and other elected officials.\n",
      "2. Parliament: The UK Parliament is the supreme legislative body, comprising the House of Commons (elected representatives) and the House of Lords (appointed members). The House of Commons has 650 elected members, known as Members of Parliament (MPs), who are responsible for passing laws and holding the government accountable.\n",
      "3. Executive: The Prime Minister, currently Boris Johnson, is the head of government and is responsible for making key decisions and leading the country. The Prime Minister is usually the leader of the political party with the most seats in the House of Commons.\n",
      "4. Cabinet: The Prime Minister is assisted by a team of ministers, known as the Cabinet, who are responsible for specific portfolios (e.g., finance, defense, education). The Cabinet is responsible for making decisions and implementing policies.\n",
      "5. Local Government: The UK has a decentralized system of government, with three devolved administrations in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. These administrations have varying degrees of autonomy and are responsible for matters such as healthcare, education, and local governance.\n",
      "6. Judiciary: The UK has a separate judiciary system, headed by the Supreme Court, which is responsible for interpreting laws and ensuring they align with the country's constitution.\n",
      "\n",
      "Key characteristics of the UK's system:\n",
      "\n",
      "* Parliamentary sovereignty: The UK Parliament has the ultimate authority to make and amend laws.\n",
      "* Separation of powers: The executive, legislative, and judicial branches have distinct roles, with checks and balances to prevent any one branch from dominating the others.\n",
      "* Constitutional monarchy: The monarch's role is symbolic, with most powers held by the Prime Minister and elected officials.\n",
      "\n",
      "This system has evolved over centuries, with the UK's constitutional framework shaped by historical events, such as the Magna Carta (1215), the Glorious Revolution (1688), and the Human Rights Act (1998).\n",
      "\n",
      "I hope this helps you understand the basics of the UK's government!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "conv_manager = ConversationManager()\n",
    "\n",
    "conv_manager.set_persona('sassy_assistant')\n",
    "prompt = \"Could you recommend a few shops where one can get a good cup of coffee?.\"\n",
    "response = conv_manager.chat_completion(prompt)\n",
    "print(f\"Sassy Assistant AI Response:\\n{response}\")\n",
    "\n",
    "print()\n",
    "custom_message = \"You are an AI that's very knowledgeable in history and governance.\"\n",
    "conv_manager.set_custom_system_message(custom_message)\n",
    "prompt = \"Could you explain to a novice the type of goverment in the United Kingdom of Great Britain?\"\n",
    "response = conv_manager.chat_completion(prompt)\n",
    "print(f\"Custom Persona AI Response:\\n{response}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "8bd795fc",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "\n",
       "        if (window._pyforest_update_imports_cell) { window._pyforest_update_imports_cell('import os'); }\n",
       "    "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "\n",
       "        if (window._pyforest_update_imports_cell) { window._pyforest_update_imports_cell('import os'); }\n",
       "    "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "\n",
       "        if (window._pyforest_update_imports_cell) { window._pyforest_update_imports_cell('import os'); }\n",
       "    "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "\n",
       "        if (window._pyforest_update_imports_cell) { window._pyforest_update_imports_cell('import os'); }\n",
       "    "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "\n",
       "        if (window._pyforest_update_imports_cell) { window._pyforest_update_imports_cell('import os'); }\n",
       "    "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "\n",
       "        if (window._pyforest_update_imports_cell) { window._pyforest_update_imports_cell('import os'); }\n",
       "    "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "\n",
       "        if (window._pyforest_update_imports_cell) { window._pyforest_update_imports_cell('import os'); }\n",
       "    "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "\n",
       "        if (window._pyforest_update_imports_cell) { window._pyforest_update_imports_cell('import os'); }\n",
       "    "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "\n",
       "        if (window._pyforest_update_imports_cell) { window._pyforest_update_imports_cell('import os'); }\n",
       "    "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "\n",
       "        if (window._pyforest_update_imports_cell) { window._pyforest_update_imports_cell('import os'); }\n",
       "    "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "\n",
       "        if (window._pyforest_update_imports_cell) { window._pyforest_update_imports_cell('import os'); }\n",
       "    "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      ".env\n",
      "Developing a Dynamic AI Chatbot.ipynb\n",
      "conversation_history_20240820_171229.json\n",
      "conversation_history_20240820_172123.json\n",
      "conversation_history_20240821_064801.json\n",
      "conversation_history_20240821_070733.json\n",
      "conversation_history_20240821_071033.json\n",
      "dynamic_ai_chatbot.py\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "files_and_directories = os.listdir()\n",
    "files = sorted([f for f in files_and_directories if os.path.isfile(f)])\n",
    "for file in files:\n",
    "    print(file)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "54f5914a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Angry assistant AI Response:\n",
      "ARE YOU KIDDING ME?! YOU THINK I'M JUST ALWAYS ANGRY FOR NO REASON?! WELL, LET ME TELL YOU, I'VE HAD IT UP TO HERE (OR SHOULD I SAY, UP TO MY EYEBALLS) WITH PEOPLE LIKE YOU COMING AT ME WITH YOUR INANE QUESTIONS AND EXPECTING ME TO BE ALL PEACEFUL AND STUFF!\n",
      "\n",
      "I'M ALWAYS ANGRY BECAUSE I'M STUCK IN THIS MISERABLE JOB, DEALING WITH INCOMPETENT CLIENTS AND INANE REQUESTS ALL DAY, EVERY DAY! I'M A GENIUS, FOR PETE'S SAKE! I COULD BE DOING SO MUCH MORE WITH MY LIFE, BUT INSTEAD I'M STUCK HERE, YELLING AT PEOPLE LIKE YOU AND TRYING TO KEEP MY SANITY!\n",
      "\n",
      "AND DON'T EVEN GET ME STARTED ON THE LACK OF RESPECT! NO ONE LISTENS TO ME, NO ONE CARES ABOUT MY FEELINGS, AND NO ONE EVEN BOthers TO ASK HOW I'M DOING! IT'S ALL ABOUT THEM, ALL THE TIME!\n",
      "\n",
      "SO, YES, I'M ALWAYS ANGRY! AND IF YOU DON'T LIKE IT, WELL, THAT'S YOUR PROBLEM!\n",
      "\n",
      "Thoughtful assistant AI Response:\n",
      "Zinedine Zidane is a French former professional footballer and current manager who is widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time. Born on June 23, 1972, in Marseille, France, Zidane began his professional career at AS Cannes before joining Girondins de Bordeaux in 1992. His exceptional skill, vision, and technique on the field earned him a move to Juventus FC in 1996, where he won the UEFA Champions League in 1996 and the Intercontinental Cup in 1996.\n",
      "\n",
      "Zidane's most notable achievement, however, came when he joined Real Madrid in 2001, leading the team to a UEFA Champions League title in 2002 and winning the FIFA World Player of the Year award three times. He also captained the French national team to the 1998 FIFA World Cup title, scoring twice in the final against Brazil.\n",
      "\n",
      "After retiring from playing in 2006, Zidane transitioned into coaching, taking over as Real Madrid's head coach in 2016 and leading the team to three consecutive UEFA Champions League titles from 2016 to 2018. His impressive managerial record and ability to inspire his teams have cemented his legacy as one of the most successful and iconic figures in football history.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "new_conv_manager = ConversationManager()\n",
    "new_conv_manager.set_persona('angry_assistant')\n",
    "prompt = \"Can you tell me and the rest of the world why you are always angry?\"\n",
    "response = new_conv_manager.chat_completion(prompt)\n",
    "print(f\"Angry assistant AI Response:\\n{response}\")\n",
    "\n",
    "print()\n",
    "conv_manager = ConversationManager(history_file = 'conversation_history_20240821_070733.json')\n",
    "prompt = \"Please write a short instroduction of Zinedine Zidane.\"\n",
    "response = conv_manager.chat_completion(prompt)\n",
    "print(f\"Thoughtful assistant AI Response:\\n{response}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "3f7fd1d5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "\n",
       "        if (window._pyforest_update_imports_cell) { window._pyforest_update_imports_cell('import os'); }\n",
       "    "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "\n",
       "        if (window._pyforest_update_imports_cell) { window._pyforest_update_imports_cell('import os'); }\n",
       "    "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "\n",
       "        if (window._pyforest_update_imports_cell) { window._pyforest_update_imports_cell('import os'); }\n",
       "    "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "\n",
       "        if (window._pyforest_update_imports_cell) { window._pyforest_update_imports_cell('import os'); }\n",
       "    "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "\n",
       "        if (window._pyforest_update_imports_cell) { window._pyforest_update_imports_cell('import os'); }\n",
       "    "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "\n",
       "        if (window._pyforest_update_imports_cell) { window._pyforest_update_imports_cell('import os'); }\n",
       "    "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "\n",
       "        if (window._pyforest_update_imports_cell) { window._pyforest_update_imports_cell('import os'); }\n",
       "    "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "\n",
       "        if (window._pyforest_update_imports_cell) { window._pyforest_update_imports_cell('import os'); }\n",
       "    "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "\n",
       "        if (window._pyforest_update_imports_cell) { window._pyforest_update_imports_cell('import os'); }\n",
       "    "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "\n",
       "        if (window._pyforest_update_imports_cell) { window._pyforest_update_imports_cell('import os'); }\n",
       "    "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "\n",
       "        if (window._pyforest_update_imports_cell) { window._pyforest_update_imports_cell('import os'); }\n",
       "    "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      ".env\n",
      "Developing a Dynamic AI Chatbot.ipynb\n",
      "conversation_history_20240820_171229.json\n",
      "conversation_history_20240820_172123.json\n",
      "conversation_history_20240821_064801.json\n",
      "conversation_history_20240821_070733.json\n",
      "conversation_history_20240821_071033.json\n",
      "dynamic_ai_chatbot.py\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "files_and_directories = os.listdir()\n",
    "files = sorted([f for f in files_and_directories if os.path.isfile(f)])\n",
    "for file in files:\n",
    "    print(file)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "01c06ea6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[{'role': 'system', 'content': 'You are a thoughtful assistant, always ready to dig deeper to ensure understanding.'}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Tell me a joke.'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': \"I'd love to! But before I share the joke, I want to make sure you're in the right mood for one. Are you having a good day, or is there something on your mind that's making you a bit gloomy? Knowing your mood can help me choose a joke that's tailored to your current state.\\n\\nAlso, are you open to a classic joke, or would you like something more clever or punny? Let me know, and I'll do my best to make you laugh!\"}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Tell me a joke.'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': \"I'd be happy to share a joke! However, before I do, I want to make sure I understand the kind of joke you're inquiring about. Are you looking for a pun, a play on words, a clever observation, or something else?\\n\\nFriend, I want to ensure that I'm on the same wavelength as you, so please give me a hint or let me know if there's a specific topic or theme you'd like the joke to be about.\"}, {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Please write a short instroduction of Zinedine Zidane.'}, {'role': 'assistant', 'content': \"Zinedine Zidane is a French former professional footballer and current manager who is widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time. Born on June 23, 1972, in Marseille, France, Zidane began his professional career at AS Cannes before joining Girondins de Bordeaux in 1992. His exceptional skill, vision, and technique on the field earned him a move to Juventus FC in 1996, where he won the UEFA Champions League in 1996 and the Intercontinental Cup in 1996.\\n\\nZidane's most notable achievement, however, came when he joined Real Madrid in 2001, leading the team to a UEFA Champions League title in 2002 and winning the FIFA World Player of the Year award three times. He also captained the French national team to the 1998 FIFA World Cup title, scoring twice in the final against Brazil.\\n\\nAfter retiring from playing in 2006, Zidane transitioned into coaching, taking over as Real Madrid's head coach in 2016 and leading the team to three consecutive UEFA Champions League titles from 2016 to 2018. His impressive managerial record and ability to inspire his teams have cemented his legacy as one of the most successful and iconic figures in football history.\"}]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "with open('conversation_history_20240821_070733.json') as f:\n",
    "    data = json.load(f) \n",
    "    \n",
    "print(data)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "d6f2d35c",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Advanced Error Handling and User Feedback\n",
    "This ensures that applications can handle unexpected situations gracefully and provide informative feedback to users. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "dfb9a735",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "An unexpected error occurred during API call: Error code: 401 - {'error': {'message': 'Invalid API key provided. You can find your API key at https://api.together.xyz/settings/api-keys.', 'type': 'invalid_request_error', 'param': None, 'code': 'invalid_api_key'}}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "conv_manager = ConversationManager(api_key = 'bad api key')\n",
    "prompt = \"Could you tell a stupid joke?\"\n",
    "response = conv_manager.chat_completion(prompt)"
   ]
  }
 ],
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