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Author: anisharya16

Classes.kt

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+/**
+ * Created by Anish Arya on 27-Jun-17.
+ */
+package Mark1
+
+fun main(args: Array<String>){
+    val bowser = Animal("Bowser",20.0,13.5)
+    bowser.getInfo()
+
+    val BlackBeard = Dog("BlackBeard",22.0,14.5,"Sherlock")
+    BlackBeard.getInfo()
+
+    val tweety = Bird("Tweety",true)
+    tweety.fly(10.0)
+}
+    //Class
+open class Animal(val name: String, var height: Double, var weight: Double) {
+    init {
+        val regex = Regex(".*\\d+.*")
+        require(!name.matches(regex)) { "Animal name can't contain numbers" }
+        require(height > 0) { "Height must be greater than 0" }
+        require(weight > 0) { "Weight must be greater than 0" }
+    }
+
+    open fun getInfo(): Unit {
+        println("$name is $height tall and weighs $weight")
+    }
+}
+    //Inheritance
+class Dog(name: String,height: Double,weight: Double, var owner: String): Animal(name,height,weight){
+        override fun getInfo(): Unit {
+            println("$name is $height tall and weighs $weight and owned by $owner")
+        }
+}
+    //Interface
+interface Flyable{
+    var flies:Boolean
+    fun fly(distMiles:Double): Unit
+}
+
+class Bird constructor(val name: String, override var flies: Boolean = true) : Flyable{
+    override fun fly(distMiles: Double): Unit{
+        if(flies){
+            println("$name flies $distMiles")
+        }
+    }
+}

CollectionOperators.kt

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+/**
+ * Created by Anish Arya on 27-Jun-17.
+ */
+package Mark1
+
+fun main(args: Array<String>){
+    val numList2 = 1..20
+
+    val listSum = numList2.reduce{x ,y -> x+y}
+    println("Reduce Sum :$listSum")
+
+    val listSum2 = numList2.fold(5){x,y -> x+y}     //counting starts off from 5
+    println("Fold Sum : $listSum2")
+
+    println("Evens: ${numList2.any{it % 2 == 0}}")
+    println("Evens: ${numList2.all{it % 2 == 0}}")
+
+    val big3 = numList2.filter { it>3 }
+    big3.forEach{n -> println(">3 : $n")}
+
+    // map allows us to perform an action on every single item and then returns a new list
+    val times7 = numList2.map{it*7}
+    times7.forEach { n -> println("*7 : $n") }
+
+}

ExceptionHandling.kt

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+/**
+ * Created by Anish Arya on 27-Jun-17.
+ */
+package Mark1
+
+fun main(args: Array<String>){
+    val divisor = 0
+    try {
+        if (divisor == 0) {
+            throw IllegalArgumentException("Can;t Divide By Zero")
+        } else {
+            println("5/$divisor = ${5 / divisor}")
+        }
+    }   catch(e:IllegalArgumentException){
+            println("${e.message}")
+        }
+}

Functions1.kt

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+/**
+ * Created by Anish Arya on 27-Jun-17.
+ */
+package Mark1
+
+fun main(args: Array<String>){
+    fun add(num1: Int, num2: Int): Int = num1 + num2            // One line function
+    println("5 + 4 : ${add(4,5)}")
+
+    fun subtract(num1: Int = 2, num2: Int = 1) = num1 - num2    // one line function doesn't need a return value
+    println(subtract())
+    println("5 - 4 : ${subtract(5,4)}")
+
+    println("4 - 5 : ${subtract(num2 = 5, num1 = 4)}")          // parameterized function
+
+    fun sayHello(name :String) : Unit = println("Hello $name")
+    sayHello("Anish")                           //Function not having any return value uses "Unit" instead "void"
+
+    val(two,three) = nextTwo(1)
+    println("1 $two $three")
+}
+fun nextTwo(num: Int) : Pair<Int,Int>
+{
+    return Pair(num+1,num+2)
+}

Functions2.kt

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+/**
+ * Created by Anish Arya on 27-Jun-17.
+ */
+package Mark1
+
+/* NOTE :
+   tailrec allows some algorithms that would normally be written using loops instead written using a recursive function,
+   BUT WITHOUT  THE RISK OF OVERFLOW i.e, compiler optimises out the recursion, leaving behind a fast and efficient loop
+   based version instead.
+ */
+
+fun main(args: Array<String>){
+    println("Sum = ${getSum(1,2,3,4,5)}")
+
+    val multiply = {num1: Int,num2: Int -> num1 * num2}     //function literals
+    println("5 * 3 = ${multiply(5,3)}")
+
+    println("5! = ${fact(5)}")
+}
+    //If the value argument in Java has an array type, it becomes a vararg parameter in Kotlin
+fun getSum(vararg nums:Int) : Int {
+    var sum = 0
+    nums.forEach { n -> sum += n }
+    return sum
+}
+    // factorial function
+fun fact(x:Int) : Int{
+    tailrec fun factTail(y:Int, z:Int) : Int{
+        if(y==0) return z
+        else return factTail(y-1,z*y)
+    }
+    return factTail(x,1)
+}

HigherOrderFunctions.kt

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+/**
+ * Created by Anish Arya on 27-Jun-17.
+ */
+package Mark1
+
+fun main(args: Array<String>){
+    // we want to use a filter which is going to be a collection operator, to find even values in a range
+    val numList = 1..20
+    val evenList = numList.filter{it % 2 == 0}
+    /*If a function Literal has only one parameter, we might remove it's declaration,
+    alongwith -> and it's name will bi "it"
+     */
+    evenList.forEach{n -> println(n)}
+
+    //Call a function that would dynamically return a created function
+    val mult3 = makeMathFunc(3)
+    println("5 * 3 = ${mult3(5)}")
+
+    //Function which is going to recieve a list and a function to use upon that list
+    val multiply2 = {num1:Int -> num1*2}
+    val numList2 = arrayOf(1,2,3,4,5)
+
+    mathOnList(numList2,multiply2)
+}
+
+fun makeMathFunc(num1:Int) : (Int) -> Int = {num2 ->num1*num2}
+
+fun mathOnList(numList: Array<Int>, myFunc:(num:Int) -> Int){
+    for(num in numList){
+        println("MathOnList ${myFunc(num)}")
+    }
+}

Lists.kt

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+/**
+ * Created by Anish Arya on 27-Jun-17.
+ */
+package Mark1
+
+fun main(args: Array<String>){
+
+    var list1:MutableList<Int> = mutableListOf(1,2,3,4,5)       //MUTABLE list
+    val list2:List<Int>                                         //IMMUTABLE list
+
+    list1.add(6)                                                //adding an item in the list
+
+    println("1st Element: ${list1.first()}")                    //printing First element
+    println("2nd Element: ${list1[1]}")                         //printing second element
+    println("Last Element: ${list1.last()}")                    //printing last Element
+
+    var list3 = list1.subList(0,3)                              //creating sublist
+    println("Sublist of list1: $list3")
+
+    println("Length : ${list1.size}")                           //printing the length of the list
+
+    //list3.clear()                                               //clearing the list
+    list1.remove(1)                                             // removing an item
+    list1.removeAt(1)                                           // removing at certain position
+    list1.forEach { n -> println("Mutable List: $n") }
+
+}

Looping.kt

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+/**
+ * Created by Anish Arya on 26-Jun-17.
+ */
+package Mark1
+
+import java.util.Random
+
+fun main(args: Array<String>)
+{
+    for(x in 1..10)
+    {
+        println("Loop : $x")
+    }
+
+    val rand = Random()
+    val magicNum = rand.nextInt(50) + 1
+    var guess = 0
+    while (magicNum!=guess)
+        guess+=1
+    println("Magic Number was $guess")
+
+    for (x in 1..20)
+    {
+        if(x%2==0)
+            continue
+        println("Odd : $x")
+        if(x==15)   break
+    }
+
+    var arr3: Array<Int> = arrayOf(3,6,9)
+
+    for(i in arr3.indices)  println("Mult: ${arr3[i]}")
+    for((index,value) in arr3.withIndex())
+        println("Index: $index , Values: $value")
+}

Maps.kt

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+/**
+ * Created by Anish Arya on 27-Jun-17.
+ */
+package Mark1
+
+fun main(args: Array<String>){
+    val map = mutableMapOf<Int,Any?>()          //mutable list
+    val map2 = mutableMapOf(1 to "Anish",2 to 42)
+
+    map[1]="Vicky Arya"
+    map[2]=22
+
+    println("Map: $map")
+    println("Map2: $map2")
+    println("Map Size: ${map.size}")
+
+    map.put(3,"India")
+    map.remove(2)
+    for((x,y) in map){
+        println("Key: $x Value: $y")
+    }
+}

NullSafety.kt

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+/**
+ * Created by Anish Arya on 28-Jun-17.
+ */
+package Mark1
+
+fun main(args: Array<String>){
+
+    //var nullVal: String = null
+    //by default we cannot assign null value
+    //however we can still allow a null value using '?'
+    var nullVal: String? = null
+    println(nullVal)
+
+    //function may also return null
+    fun returnNull(): String?{
+        return null
+    }
+
+    var nullVal3 = returnNull()
+
+    //var nullVal3 = nullVal2!!length
+    var nullVal4:String = returnNull()?: "No Name"      //?: ->Elvis Operator
+    println(nullVal4)
+}

arrays.kt

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+/**
+ * Created by Anish Arya on 25-Jun-17.
+ */
+package Mark1
+
+fun main(args: Array<String>)
+{
+    var myarray = arrayOf("Vicky","Arya","Anish")
+    println(myarray[2])
+    myarray[2]="Anish Arya"
+    println("Array Length : ${myarray.size}")
+    println("Vicky Is In Array : ${myarray.contains("Vicky")}")
+    println(myarray)
+    var partofarray = myarray.copyOfRange(0,1)
+    println(partofarray)
+    println("First Element: ${myarray.first()}")
+    println("Last Element: ${myarray.last()}")
+    println("Vicky's Index : ${myarray.indexOf("Vicky")}")
+
+    val sqArray = Array(5,{ x -> x * x})
+    println(sqArray[2])
+
+    var arr2: Array<Int> = arrayOf(1,2,3,4,5,6)
+    println(arr2)
+}

conditionals.kt

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+/**
+ * Created by Anish Arya on 26-Jun-17.
+ */
+package Mark1
+
+fun main(args: Array<String>){
+    val age = 8
+    if(age<5)
+    { println("Go To Preschool") }
+    else if ( age == 5 )
+    { println("Go to Kindergarden") }
+    else if ((age>5) && (age<17)) {
+        val grade = age - 5
+        println("Go to grade $grade")
+    }
+    else
+    { println("Go to college") }
+    val age_new = 7
+    when(age_new){
+        0,1,2,3,4 -> println("Go to preschool")
+        5 -> println("Go to kindergarden")
+
+        in 6..17 ->{
+            val grade = age_new-5
+            println("Go to grade $grade")
+        }
+        else -> println("Go to college")
+    }
+}