If you do not have experience with the Python programming language or are finding examples in this tutorial difficult, the author recommends you read the lessons on [Working with Text Files in Python](/lessons/working-with-text-files) and [Manipulating Strings in Python](/lessons/manipulating-strings-in-python). Please note, that those lessons were written in Python version 2 whereas this one uses Python version 3. The differences in [syntax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax) between the two versions of the language can be subtle. If you are confused at any time, follow the examples as written in this lesson and use the other lessons as background material. (More precisely, the code in this tutorial was written using [Python 3.6.4](https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-364/); the [f-string construct](https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.6.html#pep-498-formatted-string-literals) in the line `with open(f'data/federalist_{filename}.txt') as f:`, for example, requires Python 3.6 or a more recent version of the language.)
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