diff --git a/tests/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/CMakeLists.txt
index 830c0374ab..51d4bee9c5 100644
--- a/tests/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ set(PYBIND11_TEST_FILES
     test_constants_and_functions
     test_copy_move
     test_cpp_conduit
+    test_cprofile_compatibility.py
     test_custom_type_casters
     test_custom_type_setup
     test_docstring_options
@@ -241,6 +242,7 @@ tests_extra_targets("test_exceptions.py" "cross_module_interleaved_error_already
 tests_extra_targets("test_gil_scoped.py" "cross_module_gil_utils")
 tests_extra_targets("test_cpp_conduit.py"
                     "exo_planet_pybind11;exo_planet_c_api;home_planet_very_lonely_traveler")
+tests_extra_targets("test_cprofile_compatibility.py" "cprofile_compatibility_ext")
 
 set(PYBIND11_EIGEN_REPO
     "https://gitlab.com/libeigen/eigen.git"
diff --git a/tests/cprofile_compatibility_ext.cpp b/tests/cprofile_compatibility_ext.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..842477155c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cprofile_compatibility_ext.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
+
+namespace pybind11_tests {
+namespace cprofile_compatibility {
+class CppClass {};
+} // namespace cprofile_compatibility
+} // namespace pybind11_tests
+
+namespace py = pybind11;
+
+PYBIND11_MODULE(cprofile_compatibility_ext, m) {
+    using namespace pybind11_tests::cprofile_compatibility;
+
+    m.def("free_func_return_secret", []() { return 102; });
+
+    py::class_<CppClass>(m, "CppClass")
+        .def(py::init<>())
+        .def("member_func_return_secret", [](const CppClass &) { return 203; });
+}
diff --git a/tests/test_cprofile_compatibility.py b/tests/test_cprofile_compatibility.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f91a3a1235
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_cprofile_compatibility.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import cProfile as profile
+import io
+import pstats
+
+import cprofile_compatibility_ext
+
+
+def _get_pstats(profiler):
+    output = io.StringIO()
+    stats = pstats.Stats(profiler, stream=output)
+    stats.sort_stats("cumtime")
+    stats.print_stats()
+    return output.getvalue()
+
+
+class PyClass:
+    def py_member_func(self) -> None:
+        return cprofile_compatibility_ext.CppClass().member_func_return_secret()
+
+
+def test_free_func_return_secret():
+    profiler = profile.Profile()
+    profiler.enable()
+    assert cprofile_compatibility_ext.free_func_return_secret() == 102
+    profiler.disable()
+    stats_output = _get_pstats(profiler)
+    raise AssertionError(
+        f"\npstats.Stats output free_func BEGIN:\n{stats_output}\npstats.Stats output free_func END\n"
+    )
+
+
+def test_member_func_return_secret():
+    obj = PyClass()
+    profiler = profile.Profile()
+    profiler.enable()
+    assert obj.py_member_func() == 203
+    profiler.disable()
+    stats_output = _get_pstats(profiler)
+    raise AssertionError(
+        f"\npstats.Stats output member_func BEGIN:\n{stats_output}\npstats.Stats output member_func END\n"
+    )