multiprocessing.po

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# Copyright (C) 2001-2025, Python Software Foundation
# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
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# Translators:
# Rafael Fontenelle <rffontenelle@gmail.com>, 2025
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.13\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-01-03 14:16+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2025-05-08 05:09+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Rafael Fontenelle <rffontenelle@gmail.com>, 2025\n"
"Language-Team: Polish (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/pl/)\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
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"Language: pl\n"
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"(n%100<12 || n%100>14) ? 1 : n!=1 && (n%10>=0 && n%10<=1) || (n%10>=5 && "
"n%10<=9) || (n%100>=12 && n%100<=14) ? 2 : 3);\n"

msgid ":mod:`!multiprocessing` --- Process-based parallelism"
msgstr ""

msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/multiprocessing/`"
msgstr ""

msgid "Availability"
msgstr "Dostępność"

msgid ""
"This module is not supported on :ref:`mobile platforms <mobile-"
"availability>` or :ref:`WebAssembly platforms <wasm-availability>`."
msgstr ""

msgid "Introduction"
msgstr "Wprowadzenie"

msgid ""
":mod:`multiprocessing` is a package that supports spawning processes using "
"an API similar to the :mod:`threading` module.  The :mod:`multiprocessing` "
"package offers both local and remote concurrency, effectively side-stepping "
"the :term:`Global Interpreter Lock <global interpreter lock>` by using "
"subprocesses instead of threads.  Due to this, the :mod:`multiprocessing` "
"module allows the programmer to fully leverage multiple processors on a "
"given machine.  It runs on both POSIX and Windows."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The :mod:`multiprocessing` module also introduces APIs which do not have "
"analogs in the :mod:`threading` module.  A prime example of this is the :"
"class:`~multiprocessing.pool.Pool` object which offers a convenient means of "
"parallelizing the execution of a function across multiple input values, "
"distributing the input data across processes (data parallelism).  The "
"following example demonstrates the common practice of defining such "
"functions in a module so that child processes can successfully import that "
"module.  This basic example of data parallelism using :class:"
"`~multiprocessing.pool.Pool`, ::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"from multiprocessing import Pool\n"
"\n"
"def f(x):\n"
"    return x*x\n"
"\n"
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n"
"    with Pool(5) as p:\n"
"        print(p.map(f, [1, 2, 3]))"
msgstr ""

msgid "will print to standard output ::"
msgstr ""

msgid "[1, 4, 9]"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
":class:`concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` offers a higher level "
"interface to push tasks to a background process without blocking execution "
"of the calling process. Compared to using the :class:`~multiprocessing.pool."
"Pool` interface directly, the :mod:`concurrent.futures` API more readily "
"allows the submission of work to the underlying process pool to be separated "
"from waiting for the results."
msgstr ""

msgid "The :class:`Process` class"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"In :mod:`multiprocessing`, processes are spawned by creating a :class:"
"`Process` object and then calling its :meth:`~Process.start` method.  :class:"
"`Process` follows the API of :class:`threading.Thread`.  A trivial example "
"of a multiprocess program is ::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"from multiprocessing import Process\n"
"\n"
"def f(name):\n"
"    print('hello', name)\n"
"\n"
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n"
"    p = Process(target=f, args=('bob',))\n"
"    p.start()\n"
"    p.join()"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"To show the individual process IDs involved, here is an expanded example::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"from multiprocessing import Process\n"
"import os\n"
"\n"
"def info(title):\n"
"    print(title)\n"
"    print('module name:', __name__)\n"
"    print('parent process:', os.getppid())\n"
"    print('process id:', os.getpid())\n"
"\n"
"def f(name):\n"
"    info('function f')\n"
"    print('hello', name)\n"
"\n"
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n"
"    info('main line')\n"
"    p = Process(target=f, args=('bob',))\n"
"    p.start()\n"
"    p.join()"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"For an explanation of why the ``if __name__ == '__main__'`` part is "
"necessary, see :ref:`multiprocessing-programming`."
msgstr ""

msgid "Contexts and start methods"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Depending on the platform, :mod:`multiprocessing` supports three ways to "
"start a process.  These *start methods* are"
msgstr ""

msgid "*spawn*"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The parent process starts a fresh Python interpreter process.  The child "
"process will only inherit those resources necessary to run the process "
"object's :meth:`~Process.run` method.  In particular, unnecessary file "
"descriptors and handles from the parent process will not be inherited.  "
"Starting a process using this method is rather slow compared to using *fork* "
"or *forkserver*."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Available on POSIX and Windows platforms.  The default on Windows and macOS."
msgstr ""

msgid "*fork*"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The parent process uses :func:`os.fork` to fork the Python interpreter.  The "
"child process, when it begins, is effectively identical to the parent "
"process.  All resources of the parent are inherited by the child process.  "
"Note that safely forking a multithreaded process is problematic."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Available on POSIX systems.  Currently the default on POSIX except macOS."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The default start method will change away from *fork* in Python 3.14. Code "
"that requires *fork* should explicitly specify that via :func:`get_context` "
"or :func:`set_start_method`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If Python is able to detect that your process has multiple threads, the :"
"func:`os.fork` function that this start method calls internally will raise "
"a :exc:`DeprecationWarning`. Use a different start method. See the :func:`os."
"fork` documentation for further explanation."
msgstr ""

msgid "*forkserver*"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"When the program starts and selects the *forkserver* start method, a server "
"process is spawned.  From then on, whenever a new process is needed, the "
"parent process connects to the server and requests that it fork a new "
"process.  The fork server process is single threaded unless system libraries "
"or preloaded imports spawn threads as a side-effect so it is generally safe "
"for it to use :func:`os.fork`. No unnecessary resources are inherited."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Available on POSIX platforms which support passing file descriptors over "
"Unix pipes such as Linux."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"*spawn* added on all POSIX platforms, and *forkserver* added for some POSIX "
"platforms. Child processes no longer inherit all of the parents inheritable "
"handles on Windows."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"On macOS, the *spawn* start method is now the default.  The *fork* start "
"method should be considered unsafe as it can lead to crashes of the "
"subprocess as macOS system libraries may start threads. See :issue:`33725`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"On POSIX using the *spawn* or *forkserver* start methods will also start a "
"*resource tracker* process which tracks the unlinked named system resources "
"(such as named semaphores or :class:`~multiprocessing.shared_memory."
"SharedMemory` objects) created by processes of the program.  When all "
"processes have exited the resource tracker unlinks any remaining tracked "
"object. Usually there should be none, but if a process was killed by a "
"signal there may be some \"leaked\" resources.  (Neither leaked semaphores "
"nor shared memory segments will be automatically unlinked until the next "
"reboot. This is problematic for both objects because the system allows only "
"a limited number of named semaphores, and shared memory segments occupy some "
"space in the main memory.)"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"To select a start method you use the :func:`set_start_method` in the ``if "
"__name__ == '__main__'`` clause of the main module.  For example::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"import multiprocessing as mp\n"
"\n"
"def foo(q):\n"
"    q.put('hello')\n"
"\n"
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n"
"    mp.set_start_method('spawn')\n"
"    q = mp.Queue()\n"
"    p = mp.Process(target=foo, args=(q,))\n"
"    p.start()\n"
"    print(q.get())\n"
"    p.join()"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
":func:`set_start_method` should not be used more than once in the program."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Alternatively, you can use :func:`get_context` to obtain a context object.  "
"Context objects have the same API as the multiprocessing module, and allow "
"one to use multiple start methods in the same program. ::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"import multiprocessing as mp\n"
"\n"
"def foo(q):\n"
"    q.put('hello')\n"
"\n"
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n"
"    ctx = mp.get_context('spawn')\n"
"    q = ctx.Queue()\n"
"    p = ctx.Process(target=foo, args=(q,))\n"
"    p.start()\n"
"    print(q.get())\n"
"    p.join()"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note that objects related to one context may not be compatible with "
"processes for a different context.  In particular, locks created using the "
"*fork* context cannot be passed to processes started using the *spawn* or "
"*forkserver* start methods."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A library which wants to use a particular start method should probably use :"
"func:`get_context` to avoid interfering with the choice of the library user."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The ``'spawn'`` and ``'forkserver'`` start methods generally cannot be used "
"with \"frozen\" executables (i.e., binaries produced by packages like "
"**PyInstaller** and **cx_Freeze**) on POSIX systems. The ``'fork'`` start "
"method may work if code does not use threads."
msgstr ""

msgid "Exchanging objects between processes"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
":mod:`multiprocessing` supports two types of communication channel between "
"processes:"
msgstr ""

msgid "**Queues**"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The :class:`Queue` class is a near clone of :class:`queue.Queue`.  For "
"example::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"from multiprocessing import Process, Queue\n"
"\n"
"def f(q):\n"
"    q.put([42, None, 'hello'])\n"
"\n"
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n"
"    q = Queue()\n"
"    p = Process(target=f, args=(q,))\n"
"    p.start()\n"
"    print(q.get())    # prints \"[42, None, 'hello']\"\n"
"    p.join()"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Queues are thread and process safe. Any object put into a :mod:"
"`~multiprocessing` queue will be serialized."
msgstr ""

msgid "**Pipes**"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The :func:`Pipe` function returns a pair of connection objects connected by "
"a pipe which by default is duplex (two-way).  For example::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"from multiprocessing import Process, Pipe\n"
"\n"
"def f(conn):\n"
"    conn.send([42, None, 'hello'])\n"
"    conn.close()\n"
"\n"
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n"
"    parent_conn, child_conn = Pipe()\n"
"    p = Process(target=f, args=(child_conn,))\n"
"    p.start()\n"
"    print(parent_conn.recv())   # prints \"[42, None, 'hello']\"\n"
"    p.join()"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The two connection objects returned by :func:`Pipe` represent the two ends "
"of the pipe.  Each connection object has :meth:`~Connection.send` and :meth:"
"`~Connection.recv` methods (among others).  Note that data in a pipe may "
"become corrupted if two processes (or threads) try to read from or write to "
"the *same* end of the pipe at the same time.  Of course there is no risk of "
"corruption from processes using different ends of the pipe at the same time."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The :meth:`~Connection.send` method serializes the object and :meth:"
"`~Connection.recv` re-creates the object."
msgstr ""

msgid "Synchronization between processes"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
":mod:`multiprocessing` contains equivalents of all the synchronization "
"primitives from :mod:`threading`.  For instance one can use a lock to ensure "
"that only one process prints to standard output at a time::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"from multiprocessing import Process, Lock\n"
"\n"
"def f(l, i):\n"
"    l.acquire()\n"
"    try:\n"
"        print('hello world', i)\n"
"    finally:\n"
"        l.release()\n"
"\n"
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n"
"    lock = Lock()\n"
"\n"
"    for num in range(10):\n"
"        Process(target=f, args=(lock, num)).start()"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Without using the lock output from the different processes is liable to get "
"all mixed up."
msgstr ""

msgid "Sharing state between processes"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"As mentioned above, when doing concurrent programming it is usually best to "
"avoid using shared state as far as possible.  This is particularly true when "
"using multiple processes."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"However, if you really do need to use some shared data then :mod:"
"`multiprocessing` provides a couple of ways of doing so."
msgstr ""

msgid "**Shared memory**"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Data can be stored in a shared memory map using :class:`Value` or :class:"
"`Array`.  For example, the following code ::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"from multiprocessing import Process, Value, Array\n"
"\n"
"def f(n, a):\n"
"    n.value = 3.1415927\n"
"    for i in range(len(a)):\n"
"        a[i] = -a[i]\n"
"\n"
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n"
"    num = Value('d', 0.0)\n"
"    arr = Array('i', range(10))\n"
"\n"
"    p = Process(target=f, args=(num, arr))\n"
"    p.start()\n"
"    p.join()\n"
"\n"
"    print(num.value)\n"
"    print(arr[:])"
msgstr ""

msgid "will print ::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"3.1415927\n"
"[0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9]"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The ``'d'`` and ``'i'`` arguments used when creating ``num`` and ``arr`` are "
"typecodes of the kind used by the :mod:`array` module: ``'d'`` indicates a "
"double precision float and ``'i'`` indicates a signed integer.  These shared "
"objects will be process and thread-safe."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"For more flexibility in using shared memory one can use the :mod:"
"`multiprocessing.sharedctypes` module which supports the creation of "
"arbitrary ctypes objects allocated from shared memory."
msgstr ""

msgid "**Server process**"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A manager object returned by :func:`Manager` controls a server process which "
"holds Python objects and allows other processes to manipulate them using "
"proxies."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A manager returned by :func:`Manager` will support types :class:`list`, :"
"class:`dict`, :class:`~managers.Namespace`, :class:`Lock`, :class:`RLock`, :"
"class:`Semaphore`, :class:`BoundedSemaphore`, :class:`Condition`, :class:"
"`Event`, :class:`Barrier`, :class:`Queue`, :class:`Value` and :class:"
"`Array`.  For example, ::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"from multiprocessing import Process, Manager\n"
"\n"
"def f(d, l):\n"
"    d[1] = '1'\n"
"    d['2'] = 2\n"
"    d[0.25] = None\n"
"    l.reverse()\n"
"\n"
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n"
"    with Manager() as manager:\n"
"        d = manager.dict()\n"
"        l = manager.list(range(10))\n"
"\n"
"        p = Process(target=f, args=(d, l))\n"
"        p.start()\n"
"        p.join()\n"
"\n"
"        print(d)\n"
"        print(l)"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"{0.25: None, 1: '1', '2': 2}\n"
"[9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Server process managers are more flexible than using shared memory objects "
"because they can be made to support arbitrary object types.  Also, a single "
"manager can be shared by processes on different computers over a network. "
"They are, however, slower than using shared memory."
msgstr ""

msgid "Using a pool of workers"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The :class:`~multiprocessing.pool.Pool` class represents a pool of worker "
"processes.  It has methods which allows tasks to be offloaded to the worker "
"processes in a few different ways."
msgstr ""

msgid "For example::"
msgstr "Dla przykładu::"

msgid ""
"from multiprocessing import Pool, TimeoutError\n"
"import time\n"
"import os\n"
"\n"
"def f(x):\n"
"    return x*x\n"
"\n"
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n"
"    # start 4 worker processes\n"
"    with Pool(processes=4) as pool:\n"
"\n"
"        # print \"[0, 1, 4,..., 81]\"\n"
"        print(pool.map(f, range(10)))\n"
"\n"
"        # print same numbers in arbitrary order\n"
"        for i in pool.imap_unordered(f, range(10)):\n"
"            print(i)\n"
"\n"
"        # evaluate \"f(20)\" asynchronously\n"
"        res = pool.apply_async(f, (20,))      # runs in *only* one process\n"
"        print(res.get(timeout=1))             # prints \"400\"\n"
"\n"
"        # evaluate \"os.getpid()\" asynchronously\n"
"        res = pool.apply_async(os.getpid, ()) # runs in *only* one process\n"
"        print(res.get(timeout=1))             # prints the PID of that "
"process\n"
"\n"
"        # launching multiple evaluations asynchronously *may* use more "
"processes\n"
"        multiple_results = [pool.apply_async(os.getpid, ()) for i in "
"range(4)]\n"
"        print([res.get(timeout=1) for res in multiple_results])\n"
"\n"
"        # make a single worker sleep for 10 seconds\n"
"        res = pool.apply_async(time.sleep, (10,))\n"
"        try:\n"
"            print(res.get(timeout=1))\n"
"        except TimeoutError:\n"
"            print(\"We lacked patience and got a multiprocessing."
"TimeoutError\")\n"
"\n"
"        print(\"For the moment, the pool remains available for more work\")\n"
"\n"
"    # exiting the 'with'-block has stopped the pool\n"
"    print(\"Now the pool is closed and no longer available\")"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note that the methods of a pool should only ever be used by the process "
"which created it."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Functionality within this package requires that the ``__main__`` module be "
"importable by the children. This is covered in :ref:`multiprocessing-"
"programming` however it is worth pointing out here. This means that some "
"examples, such as the :class:`multiprocessing.pool.Pool` examples will not "
"work in the interactive interpreter. For example::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
">>> from multiprocessing import Pool\n"
">>> p = Pool(5)\n"
">>> def f(x):\n"
"...     return x*x\n"
"...\n"
">>> with p:\n"
"...     p.map(f, [1,2,3])\n"
"Process PoolWorker-1:\n"
"Process PoolWorker-2:\n"
"Process PoolWorker-3:\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
"AttributeError: Can't get attribute 'f' on <module '__main__' (<class "
"'_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>)>\n"
"AttributeError: Can't get attribute 'f' on <module '__main__' (<class "
"'_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>)>\n"
"AttributeError: Can't get attribute 'f' on <module '__main__' (<class "
"'_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>)>"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"(If you try this it will actually output three full tracebacks interleaved "
"in a semi-random fashion, and then you may have to stop the parent process "
"somehow.)"
msgstr ""

msgid "Reference"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The :mod:`multiprocessing` package mostly replicates the API of the :mod:"
"`threading` module."
msgstr ""

msgid ":class:`Process` and exceptions"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Process objects represent activity that is run in a separate process. The :"
"class:`Process` class has equivalents of all the methods of :class:"
"`threading.Thread`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The constructor should always be called with keyword arguments. *group* "
"should always be ``None``; it exists solely for compatibility with :class:"
"`threading.Thread`.  *target* is the callable object to be invoked by the :"
"meth:`run` method.  It defaults to ``None``, meaning nothing is called. "
"*name* is the process name (see :attr:`name` for more details). *args* is "
"the argument tuple for the target invocation.  *kwargs* is a dictionary of "
"keyword arguments for the target invocation.  If provided, the keyword-only "
"*daemon* argument sets the process :attr:`daemon` flag to ``True`` or "
"``False``.  If ``None`` (the default), this flag will be inherited from the "
"creating process."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"By default, no arguments are passed to *target*. The *args* argument, which "
"defaults to ``()``, can be used to specify a list or tuple of the arguments "
"to pass to *target*."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If a subclass overrides the constructor, it must make sure it invokes the "
"base class constructor (:meth:`Process.__init__`) before doing anything else "
"to the process."
msgstr ""

msgid "Added the *daemon* parameter."
msgstr ""

msgid "Method representing the process's activity."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"You may override this method in a subclass.  The standard :meth:`run` method "
"invokes the callable object passed to the object's constructor as the target "
"argument, if any, with sequential and keyword arguments taken from the "
"*args* and *kwargs* arguments, respectively."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Using a list or tuple as the *args* argument passed to :class:`Process` "
"achieves the same effect."
msgstr ""

msgid "Example::"
msgstr "Przykład::"

msgid ""
">>> from multiprocessing import Process\n"
">>> p = Process(target=print, args=[1])\n"
">>> p.run()\n"
"1\n"
">>> p = Process(target=print, args=(1,))\n"
">>> p.run()\n"
"1"
msgstr ""

msgid "Start the process's activity."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"This must be called at most once per process object.  It arranges for the "
"object's :meth:`run` method to be invoked in a separate process."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If the optional argument *timeout* is ``None`` (the default), the method "
"blocks until the process whose :meth:`join` method is called terminates. If "
"*timeout* is a positive number, it blocks at most *timeout* seconds. Note "
"that the method returns ``None`` if its process terminates or if the method "
"times out.  Check the process's :attr:`exitcode` to determine if it "
"terminated."
msgstr ""

msgid "A process can be joined many times."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A process cannot join itself because this would cause a deadlock.  It is an "
"error to attempt to join a process before it has been started."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The process's name.  The name is a string used for identification purposes "
"only.  It has no semantics.  Multiple processes may be given the same name."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The initial name is set by the constructor.  If no explicit name is provided "
"to the constructor, a name of the form 'Process-N\\ :sub:`1`:N\\ :sub:"
"`2`:...:N\\ :sub:`k`' is constructed, where each N\\ :sub:`k` is the N-th "
"child of its parent."
msgstr ""

msgid "Return whether the process is alive."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Roughly, a process object is alive from the moment the :meth:`start` method "
"returns until the child process terminates."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The process's daemon flag, a Boolean value.  This must be set before :meth:"
"`start` is called."
msgstr ""

msgid "The initial value is inherited from the creating process."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"When a process exits, it attempts to terminate all of its daemonic child "
"processes."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note that a daemonic process is not allowed to create child processes. "
"Otherwise a daemonic process would leave its children orphaned if it gets "
"terminated when its parent process exits. Additionally, these are **not** "
"Unix daemons or services, they are normal processes that will be terminated "
"(and not joined) if non-daemonic processes have exited."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"In addition to the  :class:`threading.Thread` API, :class:`Process` objects "
"also support the following attributes and methods:"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Return the process ID.  Before the process is spawned, this will be ``None``."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The child's exit code.  This will be ``None`` if the process has not yet "
"terminated."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If the child's :meth:`run` method returned normally, the exit code will be "
"0.  If it terminated via :func:`sys.exit` with an integer argument *N*, the "
"exit code will be *N*."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If the child terminated due to an exception not caught within :meth:`run`, "
"the exit code will be 1.  If it was terminated by signal *N*, the exit code "
"will be the negative value *-N*."
msgstr ""

msgid "The process's authentication key (a byte string)."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"When :mod:`multiprocessing` is initialized the main process is assigned a "
"random string using :func:`os.urandom`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"When a :class:`Process` object is created, it will inherit the "
"authentication key of its parent process, although this may be changed by "
"setting :attr:`authkey` to another byte string."
msgstr ""

msgid "See :ref:`multiprocessing-auth-keys`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A numeric handle of a system object which will become \"ready\" when the "
"process ends."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"You can use this value if you want to wait on several events at once using :"
"func:`multiprocessing.connection.wait`.  Otherwise calling :meth:`join` is "
"simpler."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"On Windows, this is an OS handle usable with the ``WaitForSingleObject`` and "
"``WaitForMultipleObjects`` family of API calls.  On POSIX, this is a file "
"descriptor usable with primitives from the :mod:`select` module."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Terminate the process.  On POSIX this is done using the :py:const:`~signal."
"SIGTERM` signal; on Windows :c:func:`!TerminateProcess` is used.  Note that "
"exit handlers and finally clauses, etc., will not be executed."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note that descendant processes of the process will *not* be terminated -- "
"they will simply become orphaned."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If this method is used when the associated process is using a pipe or queue "
"then the pipe or queue is liable to become corrupted and may become unusable "
"by other process.  Similarly, if the process has acquired a lock or "
"semaphore etc. then terminating it is liable to cause other processes to "
"deadlock."
msgstr ""

msgid "Same as :meth:`terminate` but using the ``SIGKILL`` signal on POSIX."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Close the :class:`Process` object, releasing all resources associated with "
"it.  :exc:`ValueError` is raised if the underlying process is still "
"running.  Once :meth:`close` returns successfully, most other methods and "
"attributes of the :class:`Process` object will raise :exc:`ValueError`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note that the :meth:`start`, :meth:`join`, :meth:`is_alive`, :meth:"
"`terminate` and :attr:`exitcode` methods should only be called by the "
"process that created the process object."
msgstr ""

msgid "Example usage of some of the methods of :class:`Process`:"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
">>> import multiprocessing, time, signal\n"
">>> mp_context = multiprocessing.get_context('spawn')\n"
">>> p = mp_context.Process(target=time.sleep, args=(1000,))\n"
">>> print(p, p.is_alive())\n"
"<...Process ... initial> False\n"
">>> p.start()\n"
">>> print(p, p.is_alive())\n"
"<...Process ... started> True\n"
">>> p.terminate()\n"
">>> time.sleep(0.1)\n"
">>> print(p, p.is_alive())\n"
"<...Process ... stopped exitcode=-SIGTERM> False\n"
">>> p.exitcode == -signal.SIGTERM\n"
"True"
msgstr ""

msgid "The base class of all :mod:`multiprocessing` exceptions."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Exception raised by :meth:`Connection.recv_bytes_into` when the supplied "
"buffer object is too small for the message read."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If ``e`` is an instance of :exc:`BufferTooShort` then ``e.args[0]`` will "
"give the message as a byte string."
msgstr ""

msgid "Raised when there is an authentication error."
msgstr ""

msgid "Raised by methods with a timeout when the timeout expires."
msgstr ""

msgid "Pipes and Queues"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"When using multiple processes, one generally uses message passing for "
"communication between processes and avoids having to use any synchronization "
"primitives like locks."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"For passing messages one can use :func:`Pipe` (for a connection between two "
"processes) or a queue (which allows multiple producers and consumers)."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The :class:`Queue`, :class:`SimpleQueue` and :class:`JoinableQueue` types "
"are multi-producer, multi-consumer :abbr:`FIFO (first-in, first-out)` queues "
"modelled on the :class:`queue.Queue` class in the standard library.  They "
"differ in that :class:`Queue` lacks the :meth:`~queue.Queue.task_done` and :"
"meth:`~queue.Queue.join` methods introduced into Python 2.5's :class:`queue."
"Queue` class."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If you use :class:`JoinableQueue` then you **must** call :meth:"
"`JoinableQueue.task_done` for each task removed from the queue or else the "
"semaphore used to count the number of unfinished tasks may eventually "
"overflow, raising an exception."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"One difference from other Python queue implementations, is that :mod:"
"`multiprocessing` queues serializes all objects that are put into them "
"using :mod:`pickle`. The object return by the get method is a re-created "
"object that does not share memory with the original object."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note that one can also create a shared queue by using a manager object -- "
"see :ref:`multiprocessing-managers`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
":mod:`multiprocessing` uses the usual :exc:`queue.Empty` and :exc:`queue."
"Full` exceptions to signal a timeout.  They are not available in the :mod:"
"`multiprocessing` namespace so you need to import them from :mod:`queue`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"When an object is put on a queue, the object is pickled and a background "
"thread later flushes the pickled data to an underlying pipe.  This has some "
"consequences which are a little surprising, but should not cause any "
"practical difficulties -- if they really bother you then you can instead use "
"a queue created with a :ref:`manager <multiprocessing-managers>`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"After putting an object on an empty queue there may be an infinitesimal "
"delay before the queue's :meth:`~Queue.empty` method returns :const:`False` "
"and :meth:`~Queue.get_nowait` can return without raising :exc:`queue.Empty`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If multiple processes are enqueuing objects, it is possible for the objects "
"to be received at the other end out-of-order. However, objects enqueued by "
"the same process will always be in the expected order with respect to each "
"other."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If a process is killed using :meth:`Process.terminate` or :func:`os.kill` "
"while it is trying to use a :class:`Queue`, then the data in the queue is "
"likely to become corrupted.  This may cause any other process to get an "
"exception when it tries to use the queue later on."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"As mentioned above, if a child process has put items on a queue (and it has "
"not used :meth:`JoinableQueue.cancel_join_thread <multiprocessing.Queue."
"cancel_join_thread>`), then that process will not terminate until all "
"buffered items have been flushed to the pipe."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"This means that if you try joining that process you may get a deadlock "
"unless you are sure that all items which have been put on the queue have "
"been consumed.  Similarly, if the child process is non-daemonic then the "
"parent process may hang on exit when it tries to join all its non-daemonic "
"children."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note that a queue created using a manager does not have this issue.  See :"
"ref:`multiprocessing-programming`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"For an example of the usage of queues for interprocess communication see :"
"ref:`multiprocessing-examples`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Returns a pair ``(conn1, conn2)`` of :class:`~multiprocessing.connection."
"Connection` objects representing the ends of a pipe."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If *duplex* is ``True`` (the default) then the pipe is bidirectional.  If "
"*duplex* is ``False`` then the pipe is unidirectional: ``conn1`` can only be "
"used for receiving messages and ``conn2`` can only be used for sending "
"messages."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The :meth:`~multiprocessing.Connection.send` method serializes the object "
"using :mod:`pickle` and the :meth:`~multiprocessing.Connection.recv` re-"
"creates the object."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Returns a process shared queue implemented using a pipe and a few locks/"
"semaphores.  When a process first puts an item on the queue a feeder thread "
"is started which transfers objects from a buffer into the pipe."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The usual :exc:`queue.Empty` and :exc:`queue.Full` exceptions from the "
"standard library's :mod:`queue` module are raised to signal timeouts."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
":class:`Queue` implements all the methods of :class:`queue.Queue` except "
"for :meth:`~queue.Queue.task_done` and :meth:`~queue.Queue.join`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Return the approximate size of the queue.  Because of multithreading/"
"multiprocessing semantics, this number is not reliable."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note that this may raise :exc:`NotImplementedError` on platforms like macOS "
"where ``sem_getvalue()`` is not implemented."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Return ``True`` if the queue is empty, ``False`` otherwise.  Because of "
"multithreading/multiprocessing semantics, this is not reliable."
msgstr ""

msgid "May raise an :exc:`OSError` on closed queues. (not guaranteed)"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Return ``True`` if the queue is full, ``False`` otherwise.  Because of "
"multithreading/multiprocessing semantics, this is not reliable."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Put obj into the queue.  If the optional argument *block* is ``True`` (the "
"default) and *timeout* is ``None`` (the default), block if necessary until a "
"free slot is available.  If *timeout* is a positive number, it blocks at "
"most *timeout* seconds and raises the :exc:`queue.Full` exception if no free "
"slot was available within that time.  Otherwise (*block* is ``False``), put "
"an item on the queue if a free slot is immediately available, else raise "
"the :exc:`queue.Full` exception (*timeout* is ignored in that case)."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If the queue is closed, :exc:`ValueError` is raised instead of :exc:"
"`AssertionError`."
msgstr ""

msgid "Equivalent to ``put(obj, False)``."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Remove and return an item from the queue.  If optional args *block* is "
"``True`` (the default) and *timeout* is ``None`` (the default), block if "
"necessary until an item is available.  If *timeout* is a positive number, it "
"blocks at most *timeout* seconds and raises the :exc:`queue.Empty` exception "
"if no item was available within that time.  Otherwise (block is ``False``), "
"return an item if one is immediately available, else raise the :exc:`queue."
"Empty` exception (*timeout* is ignored in that case)."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If the queue is closed, :exc:`ValueError` is raised instead of :exc:"
"`OSError`."
msgstr ""

msgid "Equivalent to ``get(False)``."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
":class:`multiprocessing.Queue` has a few additional methods not found in :"
"class:`queue.Queue`.  These methods are usually unnecessary for most code:"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Indicate that no more data will be put on this queue by the current "
"process.  The background thread will quit once it has flushed all buffered "
"data to the pipe.  This is called automatically when the queue is garbage "
"collected."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Join the background thread.  This can only be used after :meth:`close` has "
"been called.  It blocks until the background thread exits, ensuring that all "
"data in the buffer has been flushed to the pipe."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"By default if a process is not the creator of the queue then on exit it will "
"attempt to join the queue's background thread.  The process can call :meth:"
"`cancel_join_thread` to make :meth:`join_thread` do nothing."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Prevent :meth:`join_thread` from blocking.  In particular, this prevents the "
"background thread from being joined automatically when the process exits -- "
"see :meth:`join_thread`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A better name for this method might be ``allow_exit_without_flush()``.  It "
"is likely to cause enqueued data to be lost, and you almost certainly will "
"not need to use it. It is really only there if you need the current process "
"to exit immediately without waiting to flush enqueued data to the underlying "
"pipe, and you don't care about lost data."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"This class's functionality requires a functioning shared semaphore "
"implementation on the host operating system. Without one, the functionality "
"in this class will be disabled, and attempts to instantiate a :class:`Queue` "
"will result in an :exc:`ImportError`. See :issue:`3770` for additional "
"information.  The same holds true for any of the specialized queue types "
"listed below."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"It is a simplified :class:`Queue` type, very close to a locked :class:`Pipe`."
msgstr ""

msgid "Close the queue: release internal resources."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A queue must not be used anymore after it is closed. For example, :meth:"
"`get`, :meth:`put` and :meth:`empty` methods must no longer be called."
msgstr ""

msgid "Return ``True`` if the queue is empty, ``False`` otherwise."
msgstr ""

msgid "Always raises an :exc:`OSError` if the SimpleQueue is closed."
msgstr ""

msgid "Remove and return an item from the queue."
msgstr ""

msgid "Put *item* into the queue."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
":class:`JoinableQueue`, a :class:`Queue` subclass, is a queue which "
"additionally has :meth:`task_done` and :meth:`join` methods."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Indicate that a formerly enqueued task is complete. Used by queue "
"consumers.  For each :meth:`~Queue.get` used to fetch a task, a subsequent "
"call to :meth:`task_done` tells the queue that the processing on the task is "
"complete."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If a :meth:`~queue.Queue.join` is currently blocking, it will resume when "
"all items have been processed (meaning that a :meth:`task_done` call was "
"received for every item that had been :meth:`~Queue.put` into the queue)."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Raises a :exc:`ValueError` if called more times than there were items placed "
"in the queue."
msgstr ""

msgid "Block until all items in the queue have been gotten and processed."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The count of unfinished tasks goes up whenever an item is added to the "
"queue.  The count goes down whenever a consumer calls :meth:`task_done` to "
"indicate that the item was retrieved and all work on it is complete.  When "
"the count of unfinished tasks drops to zero, :meth:`~queue.Queue.join` "
"unblocks."
msgstr ""

msgid "Miscellaneous"
msgstr ""

msgid "Return list of all live children of the current process."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Calling this has the side effect of \"joining\" any processes which have "
"already finished."
msgstr ""

msgid "Return the number of CPUs in the system."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"This number is not equivalent to the number of CPUs the current process can "
"use.  The number of usable CPUs can be obtained with :func:`os."
"process_cpu_count` (or ``len(os.sched_getaffinity(0))``)."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"When the number of CPUs cannot be determined a :exc:`NotImplementedError` is "
"raised."
msgstr ""

msgid ":func:`os.cpu_count` :func:`os.process_cpu_count`"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The return value can also be overridden using the :option:`-X cpu_count <-"
"X>` flag or :envvar:`PYTHON_CPU_COUNT` as this is merely a wrapper around "
"the :mod:`os` cpu count APIs."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Return the :class:`Process` object corresponding to the current process."
msgstr ""

msgid "An analogue of :func:`threading.current_thread`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Return the :class:`Process` object corresponding to the parent process of "
"the :func:`current_process`. For the main process, ``parent_process`` will "
"be ``None``."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Add support for when a program which uses :mod:`multiprocessing` has been "
"frozen to produce a Windows executable.  (Has been tested with **py2exe**, "
"**PyInstaller** and **cx_Freeze**.)"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"One needs to call this function straight after the ``if __name__ == "
"'__main__'`` line of the main module.  For example::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"from multiprocessing import Process, freeze_support\n"
"\n"
"def f():\n"
"    print('hello world!')\n"
"\n"
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n"
"    freeze_support()\n"
"    Process(target=f).start()"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If the ``freeze_support()`` line is omitted then trying to run the frozen "
"executable will raise :exc:`RuntimeError`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Calling ``freeze_support()`` has no effect when invoked on any operating "
"system other than Windows.  In addition, if the module is being run normally "
"by the Python interpreter on Windows (the program has not been frozen), then "
"``freeze_support()`` has no effect."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Returns a list of the supported start methods, the first of which is the "
"default.  The possible start methods are ``'fork'``, ``'spawn'`` and "
"``'forkserver'``.  Not all platforms support all methods.  See :ref:"
"`multiprocessing-start-methods`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Return a context object which has the same attributes as the :mod:"
"`multiprocessing` module."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If *method* is ``None`` then the default context is returned. Otherwise "
"*method* should be ``'fork'``, ``'spawn'``, ``'forkserver'``.  :exc:"
"`ValueError` is raised if the specified start method is not available.  See :"
"ref:`multiprocessing-start-methods`."
msgstr ""

msgid "Return the name of start method used for starting processes."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If the start method has not been fixed and *allow_none* is false, then the "
"start method is fixed to the default and the name is returned.  If the start "
"method has not been fixed and *allow_none* is true then ``None`` is returned."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The return value can be ``'fork'``, ``'spawn'``, ``'forkserver'`` or "
"``None``.  See :ref:`multiprocessing-start-methods`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"On macOS, the *spawn* start method is now the default.  The *fork* start "
"method should be considered unsafe as it can lead to crashes of the "
"subprocess. See :issue:`33725`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Set the path of the Python interpreter to use when starting a child process. "
"(By default :data:`sys.executable` is used).  Embedders will probably need "
"to do some thing like ::"
msgstr ""

msgid "set_executable(os.path.join(sys.exec_prefix, 'pythonw.exe'))"
msgstr ""

msgid "before they can create child processes."
msgstr ""

msgid "Now supported on POSIX when the ``'spawn'`` start method is used."
msgstr ""

msgid "Accepts a :term:`path-like object`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Set a list of module names for the forkserver main process to attempt to "
"import so that their already imported state is inherited by forked "
"processes. Any :exc:`ImportError` when doing so is silently ignored. This "
"can be used as a performance enhancement to avoid repeated work in every "
"process."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"For this to work, it must be called before the forkserver process has been "
"launched (before creating a :class:`Pool` or starting a :class:`Process`)."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Only meaningful when using the ``'forkserver'`` start method. See :ref:"
"`multiprocessing-start-methods`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Set the method which should be used to start child processes. The *method* "
"argument can be ``'fork'``, ``'spawn'`` or ``'forkserver'``. Raises :exc:"
"`RuntimeError` if the start method has already been set and *force* is not "
"``True``.  If *method* is ``None`` and *force* is ``True`` then the start "
"method is set to ``None``.  If *method* is ``None`` and *force* is ``False`` "
"then the context is set to the default context."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note that this should be called at most once, and it should be protected "
"inside the ``if __name__ == '__main__'`` clause of the main module."
msgstr ""

msgid "See :ref:`multiprocessing-start-methods`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
":mod:`multiprocessing` contains no analogues of :func:`threading."
"active_count`, :func:`threading.enumerate`, :func:`threading.settrace`, :"
"func:`threading.setprofile`, :class:`threading.Timer`, or :class:`threading."
"local`."
msgstr ""

msgid "Connection Objects"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Connection objects allow the sending and receiving of picklable objects or "
"strings.  They can be thought of as message oriented connected sockets."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Connection objects are usually created using :func:`Pipe <multiprocessing."
"Pipe>` -- see also :ref:`multiprocessing-listeners-clients`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Send an object to the other end of the connection which should be read "
"using :meth:`recv`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The object must be picklable.  Very large pickles (approximately 32 MiB+, "
"though it depends on the OS) may raise a :exc:`ValueError` exception."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Return an object sent from the other end of the connection using :meth:"
"`send`.  Blocks until there is something to receive.  Raises :exc:`EOFError` "
"if there is nothing left to receive and the other end was closed."
msgstr ""

msgid "Return the file descriptor or handle used by the connection."
msgstr ""

msgid "Close the connection."
msgstr ""

msgid "This is called automatically when the connection is garbage collected."
msgstr ""

msgid "Return whether there is any data available to be read."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If *timeout* is not specified then it will return immediately.  If *timeout* "
"is a number then this specifies the maximum time in seconds to block.  If "
"*timeout* is ``None`` then an infinite timeout is used."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note that multiple connection objects may be polled at once by using :func:"
"`multiprocessing.connection.wait`."
msgstr ""

msgid "Send byte data from a :term:`bytes-like object` as a complete message."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If *offset* is given then data is read from that position in *buffer*.  If "
"*size* is given then that many bytes will be read from buffer.  Very large "
"buffers (approximately 32 MiB+, though it depends on the OS) may raise a :"
"exc:`ValueError` exception"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Return a complete message of byte data sent from the other end of the "
"connection as a string.  Blocks until there is something to receive. Raises :"
"exc:`EOFError` if there is nothing left to receive and the other end has "
"closed."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If *maxlength* is specified and the message is longer than *maxlength* then :"
"exc:`OSError` is raised and the connection will no longer be readable."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"This function used to raise :exc:`IOError`, which is now an alias of :exc:"
"`OSError`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Read into *buffer* a complete message of byte data sent from the other end "
"of the connection and return the number of bytes in the message.  Blocks "
"until there is something to receive.  Raises :exc:`EOFError` if there is "
"nothing left to receive and the other end was closed."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"*buffer* must be a writable :term:`bytes-like object`.  If *offset* is given "
"then the message will be written into the buffer from that position.  Offset "
"must be a non-negative integer less than the length of *buffer* (in bytes)."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If the buffer is too short then a :exc:`BufferTooShort` exception is raised "
"and the complete message is available as ``e.args[0]`` where ``e`` is the "
"exception instance."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Connection objects themselves can now be transferred between processes "
"using :meth:`Connection.send` and :meth:`Connection.recv`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Connection objects also now support the context management protocol -- see :"
"ref:`typecontextmanager`.  :meth:`~contextmanager.__enter__` returns the "
"connection object, and :meth:`~contextmanager.__exit__` calls :meth:`close`."
msgstr ""

msgid "For example:"
msgstr "Na przykład::"

msgid ""
">>> from multiprocessing import Pipe\n"
">>> a, b = Pipe()\n"
">>> a.send([1, 'hello', None])\n"
">>> b.recv()\n"
"[1, 'hello', None]\n"
">>> b.send_bytes(b'thank you')\n"
">>> a.recv_bytes()\n"
"b'thank you'\n"
">>> import array\n"
">>> arr1 = array.array('i', range(5))\n"
">>> arr2 = array.array('i', [0] * 10)\n"
">>> a.send_bytes(arr1)\n"
">>> count = b.recv_bytes_into(arr2)\n"
">>> assert count == len(arr1) * arr1.itemsize\n"
">>> arr2\n"
"array('i', [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The :meth:`Connection.recv` method automatically unpickles the data it "
"receives, which can be a security risk unless you can trust the process "
"which sent the message."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Therefore, unless the connection object was produced using :func:`Pipe` you "
"should only use the :meth:`~Connection.recv` and :meth:`~Connection.send` "
"methods after performing some sort of authentication.  See :ref:"
"`multiprocessing-auth-keys`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If a process is killed while it is trying to read or write to a pipe then "
"the data in the pipe is likely to become corrupted, because it may become "
"impossible to be sure where the message boundaries lie."
msgstr ""

msgid "Synchronization primitives"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Generally synchronization primitives are not as necessary in a multiprocess "
"program as they are in a multithreaded program.  See the documentation for :"
"mod:`threading` module."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note that one can also create synchronization primitives by using a manager "
"object -- see :ref:`multiprocessing-managers`."
msgstr ""

msgid "A barrier object: a clone of :class:`threading.Barrier`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A bounded semaphore object: a close analog of :class:`threading."
"BoundedSemaphore`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A solitary difference from its close analog exists: its ``acquire`` method's "
"first argument is named *block*, as is consistent with :meth:`Lock.acquire`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"On macOS, this is indistinguishable from :class:`Semaphore` because "
"``sem_getvalue()`` is not implemented on that platform."
msgstr ""

msgid "A condition variable: an alias for :class:`threading.Condition`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If *lock* is specified then it should be a :class:`Lock` or :class:`RLock` "
"object from :mod:`multiprocessing`."
msgstr ""

msgid "The :meth:`~threading.Condition.wait_for` method was added."
msgstr ""

msgid "A clone of :class:`threading.Event`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A non-recursive lock object: a close analog of :class:`threading.Lock`. Once "
"a process or thread has acquired a lock, subsequent attempts to acquire it "
"from any process or thread will block until it is released; any process or "
"thread may release it.  The concepts and behaviors of :class:`threading."
"Lock` as it applies to threads are replicated here in :class:"
"`multiprocessing.Lock` as it applies to either processes or threads, except "
"as noted."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note that :class:`Lock` is actually a factory function which returns an "
"instance of ``multiprocessing.synchronize.Lock`` initialized with a default "
"context."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
":class:`Lock` supports the :term:`context manager` protocol and thus may be "
"used in :keyword:`with` statements."
msgstr ""

msgid "Acquire a lock, blocking or non-blocking."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"With the *block* argument set to ``True`` (the default), the method call "
"will block until the lock is in an unlocked state, then set it to locked and "
"return ``True``.  Note that the name of this first argument differs from "
"that in :meth:`threading.Lock.acquire`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"With the *block* argument set to ``False``, the method call does not block.  "
"If the lock is currently in a locked state, return ``False``; otherwise set "
"the lock to a locked state and return ``True``."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"When invoked with a positive, floating-point value for *timeout*, block for "
"at most the number of seconds specified by *timeout* as long as the lock can "
"not be acquired.  Invocations with a negative value for *timeout* are "
"equivalent to a *timeout* of zero.  Invocations with a *timeout* value of "
"``None`` (the default) set the timeout period to infinite.  Note that the "
"treatment of negative or ``None`` values for *timeout* differs from the "
"implemented behavior in :meth:`threading.Lock.acquire`.  The *timeout* "
"argument has no practical implications if the *block* argument is set to "
"``False`` and is thus ignored.  Returns ``True`` if the lock has been "
"acquired or ``False`` if the timeout period has elapsed."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Release a lock.  This can be called from any process or thread, not only the "
"process or thread which originally acquired the lock."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Behavior is the same as in :meth:`threading.Lock.release` except that when "
"invoked on an unlocked lock, a :exc:`ValueError` is raised."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A recursive lock object: a close analog of :class:`threading.RLock`.  A "
"recursive lock must be released by the process or thread that acquired it. "
"Once a process or thread has acquired a recursive lock, the same process or "
"thread may acquire it again without blocking; that process or thread must "
"release it once for each time it has been acquired."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note that :class:`RLock` is actually a factory function which returns an "
"instance of ``multiprocessing.synchronize.RLock`` initialized with a default "
"context."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
":class:`RLock` supports the :term:`context manager` protocol and thus may be "
"used in :keyword:`with` statements."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"When invoked with the *block* argument set to ``True``, block until the lock "
"is in an unlocked state (not owned by any process or thread) unless the lock "
"is already owned by the current process or thread.  The current process or "
"thread then takes ownership of the lock (if it does not already have "
"ownership) and the recursion level inside the lock increments by one, "
"resulting in a return value of ``True``.  Note that there are several "
"differences in this first argument's behavior compared to the implementation "
"of :meth:`threading.RLock.acquire`, starting with the name of the argument "
"itself."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"When invoked with the *block* argument set to ``False``, do not block. If "
"the lock has already been acquired (and thus is owned) by another process or "
"thread, the current process or thread does not take ownership and the "
"recursion level within the lock is not changed, resulting in a return value "
"of ``False``.  If the lock is in an unlocked state, the current process or "
"thread takes ownership and the recursion level is incremented, resulting in "
"a return value of ``True``."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Use and behaviors of the *timeout* argument are the same as in :meth:`Lock."
"acquire`.  Note that some of these behaviors of *timeout* differ from the "
"implemented behaviors in :meth:`threading.RLock.acquire`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Release a lock, decrementing the recursion level.  If after the decrement "
"the recursion level is zero, reset the lock to unlocked (not owned by any "
"process or thread) and if any other processes or threads are blocked waiting "
"for the lock to become unlocked, allow exactly one of them to proceed.  If "
"after the decrement the recursion level is still nonzero, the lock remains "
"locked and owned by the calling process or thread."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Only call this method when the calling process or thread owns the lock. An :"
"exc:`AssertionError` is raised if this method is called by a process or "
"thread other than the owner or if the lock is in an unlocked (unowned) "
"state.  Note that the type of exception raised in this situation differs "
"from the implemented behavior in :meth:`threading.RLock.release`."
msgstr ""

msgid "A semaphore object: a close analog of :class:`threading.Semaphore`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"On macOS, ``sem_timedwait`` is unsupported, so calling ``acquire()`` with a "
"timeout will emulate that function's behavior using a sleeping loop."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Some of this package's functionality requires a functioning shared semaphore "
"implementation on the host operating system. Without one, the :mod:"
"`multiprocessing.synchronize` module will be disabled, and attempts to "
"import it will result in an :exc:`ImportError`. See :issue:`3770` for "
"additional information."
msgstr ""

msgid "Shared :mod:`ctypes` Objects"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"It is possible to create shared objects using shared memory which can be "
"inherited by child processes."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Return a :mod:`ctypes` object allocated from shared memory.  By default the "
"return value is actually a synchronized wrapper for the object.  The object "
"itself can be accessed via the *value* attribute of a :class:`Value`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"*typecode_or_type* determines the type of the returned object: it is either "
"a ctypes type or a one character typecode of the kind used by the :mod:"
"`array` module.  *\\*args* is passed on to the constructor for the type."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If *lock* is ``True`` (the default) then a new recursive lock object is "
"created to synchronize access to the value.  If *lock* is a :class:`Lock` "
"or :class:`RLock` object then that will be used to synchronize access to the "
"value.  If *lock* is ``False`` then access to the returned object will not "
"be automatically protected by a lock, so it will not necessarily be "
"\"process-safe\"."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Operations like ``+=`` which involve a read and write are not atomic.  So "
"if, for instance, you want to atomically increment a shared value it is "
"insufficient to just do ::"
msgstr ""

msgid "counter.value += 1"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Assuming the associated lock is recursive (which it is by default) you can "
"instead do ::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"with counter.get_lock():\n"
"    counter.value += 1"
msgstr ""

msgid "Note that *lock* is a keyword-only argument."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Return a ctypes array allocated from shared memory.  By default the return "
"value is actually a synchronized wrapper for the array."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"*typecode_or_type* determines the type of the elements of the returned "
"array: it is either a ctypes type or a one character typecode of the kind "
"used by the :mod:`array` module.  If *size_or_initializer* is an integer, "
"then it determines the length of the array, and the array will be initially "
"zeroed. Otherwise, *size_or_initializer* is a sequence which is used to "
"initialize the array and whose length determines the length of the array."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If *lock* is ``True`` (the default) then a new lock object is created to "
"synchronize access to the value.  If *lock* is a :class:`Lock` or :class:"
"`RLock` object then that will be used to synchronize access to the value.  "
"If *lock* is ``False`` then access to the returned object will not be "
"automatically protected by a lock, so it will not necessarily be \"process-"
"safe\"."
msgstr ""

msgid "Note that *lock* is a keyword only argument."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note that an array of :data:`ctypes.c_char` has *value* and *raw* attributes "
"which allow one to use it to store and retrieve strings."
msgstr ""

msgid "The :mod:`multiprocessing.sharedctypes` module"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The :mod:`multiprocessing.sharedctypes` module provides functions for "
"allocating :mod:`ctypes` objects from shared memory which can be inherited "
"by child processes."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Although it is possible to store a pointer in shared memory remember that "
"this will refer to a location in the address space of a specific process. "
"However, the pointer is quite likely to be invalid in the context of a "
"second process and trying to dereference the pointer from the second process "
"may cause a crash."
msgstr ""

msgid "Return a ctypes array allocated from shared memory."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"*typecode_or_type* determines the type of the elements of the returned "
"array: it is either a ctypes type or a one character typecode of the kind "
"used by the :mod:`array` module.  If *size_or_initializer* is an integer "
"then it determines the length of the array, and the array will be initially "
"zeroed. Otherwise *size_or_initializer* is a sequence which is used to "
"initialize the array and whose length determines the length of the array."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note that setting and getting an element is potentially non-atomic -- use :"
"func:`Array` instead to make sure that access is automatically synchronized "
"using a lock."
msgstr ""

msgid "Return a ctypes object allocated from shared memory."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note that setting and getting the value is potentially non-atomic -- use :"
"func:`Value` instead to make sure that access is automatically synchronized "
"using a lock."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note that an array of :data:`ctypes.c_char` has ``value`` and ``raw`` "
"attributes which allow one to use it to store and retrieve strings -- see "
"documentation for :mod:`ctypes`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The same as :func:`RawArray` except that depending on the value of *lock* a "
"process-safe synchronization wrapper may be returned instead of a raw ctypes "
"array."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If *lock* is ``True`` (the default) then a new lock object is created to "
"synchronize access to the value.  If *lock* is a :class:`~multiprocessing."
"Lock` or :class:`~multiprocessing.RLock` object then that will be used to "
"synchronize access to the value.  If *lock* is ``False`` then access to the "
"returned object will not be automatically protected by a lock, so it will "
"not necessarily be \"process-safe\"."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The same as :func:`RawValue` except that depending on the value of *lock* a "
"process-safe synchronization wrapper may be returned instead of a raw ctypes "
"object."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Return a ctypes object allocated from shared memory which is a copy of the "
"ctypes object *obj*."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Return a process-safe wrapper object for a ctypes object which uses *lock* "
"to synchronize access.  If *lock* is ``None`` (the default) then a :class:"
"`multiprocessing.RLock` object is created automatically."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A synchronized wrapper will have two methods in addition to those of the "
"object it wraps: :meth:`get_obj` returns the wrapped object and :meth:"
"`get_lock` returns the lock object used for synchronization."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note that accessing the ctypes object through the wrapper can be a lot "
"slower than accessing the raw ctypes object."
msgstr ""

msgid "Synchronized objects support the :term:`context manager` protocol."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The table below compares the syntax for creating shared ctypes objects from "
"shared memory with the normal ctypes syntax.  (In the table ``MyStruct`` is "
"some subclass of :class:`ctypes.Structure`.)"
msgstr ""

msgid "ctypes"
msgstr ""

msgid "sharedctypes using type"
msgstr ""

msgid "sharedctypes using typecode"
msgstr ""

msgid "c_double(2.4)"
msgstr ""

msgid "RawValue(c_double, 2.4)"
msgstr ""

msgid "RawValue('d', 2.4)"
msgstr ""

msgid "MyStruct(4, 6)"
msgstr ""

msgid "RawValue(MyStruct, 4, 6)"
msgstr ""

msgid "(c_short * 7)()"
msgstr ""

msgid "RawArray(c_short, 7)"
msgstr ""

msgid "RawArray('h', 7)"
msgstr ""

msgid "(c_int * 3)(9, 2, 8)"
msgstr ""

msgid "RawArray(c_int, (9, 2, 8))"
msgstr ""

msgid "RawArray('i', (9, 2, 8))"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Below is an example where a number of ctypes objects are modified by a child "
"process::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"from multiprocessing import Process, Lock\n"
"from multiprocessing.sharedctypes import Value, Array\n"
"from ctypes import Structure, c_double\n"
"\n"
"class Point(Structure):\n"
"    _fields_ = [('x', c_double), ('y', c_double)]\n"
"\n"
"def modify(n, x, s, A):\n"
"    n.value **= 2\n"
"    x.value **= 2\n"
"    s.value = s.value.upper()\n"
"    for a in A:\n"
"        a.x **= 2\n"
"        a.y **= 2\n"
"\n"
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n"
"    lock = Lock()\n"
"\n"
"    n = Value('i', 7)\n"
"    x = Value(c_double, 1.0/3.0, lock=False)\n"
"    s = Array('c', b'hello world', lock=lock)\n"
"    A = Array(Point, [(1.875,-6.25), (-5.75,2.0), (2.375,9.5)], lock=lock)\n"
"\n"
"    p = Process(target=modify, args=(n, x, s, A))\n"
"    p.start()\n"
"    p.join()\n"
"\n"
"    print(n.value)\n"
"    print(x.value)\n"
"    print(s.value)\n"
"    print([(a.x, a.y) for a in A])"
msgstr ""

msgid "The results printed are ::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"49\n"
"0.1111111111111111\n"
"HELLO WORLD\n"
"[(3.515625, 39.0625), (33.0625, 4.0), (5.640625, 90.25)]"
msgstr ""

msgid "Managers"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Managers provide a way to create data which can be shared between different "
"processes, including sharing over a network between processes running on "
"different machines. A manager object controls a server process which manages "
"*shared objects*.  Other processes can access the shared objects by using "
"proxies."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Returns a started :class:`~multiprocessing.managers.SyncManager` object "
"which can be used for sharing objects between processes.  The returned "
"manager object corresponds to a spawned child process and has methods which "
"will create shared objects and return corresponding proxies."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Manager processes will be shutdown as soon as they are garbage collected or "
"their parent process exits.  The manager classes are defined in the :mod:"
"`multiprocessing.managers` module:"
msgstr ""

msgid "Create a BaseManager object."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Once created one should call :meth:`start` or ``get_server()."
"serve_forever()`` to ensure that the manager object refers to a started "
"manager process."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"*address* is the address on which the manager process listens for new "
"connections.  If *address* is ``None`` then an arbitrary one is chosen."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"*authkey* is the authentication key which will be used to check the validity "
"of incoming connections to the server process.  If *authkey* is ``None`` "
"then ``current_process().authkey`` is used. Otherwise *authkey* is used and "
"it must be a byte string."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"*serializer* must be ``'pickle'`` (use :mod:`pickle` serialization) or "
"``'xmlrpclib'`` (use :mod:`xmlrpc.client` serialization)."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"*ctx* is a context object, or ``None`` (use the current context). See the :"
"func:`get_context` function."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"*shutdown_timeout* is a timeout in seconds used to wait until the process "
"used by the manager completes in the :meth:`shutdown` method. If the "
"shutdown times out, the process is terminated. If terminating the process "
"also times out, the process is killed."
msgstr ""

msgid "Added the *shutdown_timeout* parameter."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Start a subprocess to start the manager.  If *initializer* is not ``None`` "
"then the subprocess will call ``initializer(*initargs)`` when it starts."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Returns a :class:`Server` object which represents the actual server under "
"the control of the Manager. The :class:`Server` object supports the :meth:"
"`serve_forever` method::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
">>> from multiprocessing.managers import BaseManager\n"
">>> manager = BaseManager(address=('', 50000), authkey=b'abc')\n"
">>> server = manager.get_server()\n"
">>> server.serve_forever()"
msgstr ""

msgid ":class:`Server` additionally has an :attr:`address` attribute."
msgstr ""

msgid "Connect a local manager object to a remote manager process::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
">>> from multiprocessing.managers import BaseManager\n"
">>> m = BaseManager(address=('127.0.0.1', 50000), authkey=b'abc')\n"
">>> m.connect()"
msgstr ""
">>> from multiprocessing.managers import BaseManager\n"
">>> m = BaseManager(address=('127.0.0.1', 50000), authkey=b'abc')\n"
">>> m.connect()"

msgid ""
"Stop the process used by the manager.  This is only available if :meth:"
"`start` has been used to start the server process."
msgstr ""

msgid "This can be called multiple times."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A classmethod which can be used for registering a type or callable with the "
"manager class."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"*typeid* is a \"type identifier\" which is used to identify a particular "
"type of shared object.  This must be a string."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"*callable* is a callable used for creating objects for this type "
"identifier.  If a manager instance will be connected to the server using "
"the :meth:`connect` method, or if the *create_method* argument is ``False`` "
"then this can be left as ``None``."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"*proxytype* is a subclass of :class:`BaseProxy` which is used to create "
"proxies for shared objects with this *typeid*.  If ``None`` then a proxy "
"class is created automatically."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"*exposed* is used to specify a sequence of method names which proxies for "
"this typeid should be allowed to access using :meth:`BaseProxy."
"_callmethod`.  (If *exposed* is ``None`` then :attr:`proxytype._exposed_` is "
"used instead if it exists.)  In the case where no exposed list is specified, "
"all \"public methods\" of the shared object will be accessible.  (Here a "
"\"public method\" means any attribute which has a :meth:`~object.__call__` "
"method and whose name does not begin with ``'_'``.)"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"*method_to_typeid* is a mapping used to specify the return type of those "
"exposed methods which should return a proxy.  It maps method names to typeid "
"strings.  (If *method_to_typeid* is ``None`` then :attr:`proxytype."
"_method_to_typeid_` is used instead if it exists.)  If a method's name is "
"not a key of this mapping or if the mapping is ``None`` then the object "
"returned by the method will be copied by value."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"*create_method* determines whether a method should be created with name "
"*typeid* which can be used to tell the server process to create a new shared "
"object and return a proxy for it.  By default it is ``True``."
msgstr ""

msgid ":class:`BaseManager` instances also have one read-only property:"
msgstr ""

msgid "The address used by the manager."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Manager objects support the context management protocol -- see :ref:"
"`typecontextmanager`.  :meth:`~contextmanager.__enter__` starts the server "
"process (if it has not already started) and then returns the manager "
"object.  :meth:`~contextmanager.__exit__` calls :meth:`shutdown`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"In previous versions :meth:`~contextmanager.__enter__` did not start the "
"manager's server process if it was not already started."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A subclass of :class:`BaseManager` which can be used for the synchronization "
"of processes.  Objects of this type are returned by :func:`multiprocessing."
"Manager`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Its methods create and return :ref:`multiprocessing-proxy_objects` for a "
"number of commonly used data types to be synchronized across processes. This "
"notably includes shared lists and dictionaries."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Create a shared :class:`threading.Barrier` object and return a proxy for it."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Create a shared :class:`threading.BoundedSemaphore` object and return a "
"proxy for it."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Create a shared :class:`threading.Condition` object and return a proxy for "
"it."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If *lock* is supplied then it should be a proxy for a :class:`threading."
"Lock` or :class:`threading.RLock` object."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Create a shared :class:`threading.Event` object and return a proxy for it."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Create a shared :class:`threading.Lock` object and return a proxy for it."
msgstr ""

msgid "Create a shared :class:`Namespace` object and return a proxy for it."
msgstr ""

msgid "Create a shared :class:`queue.Queue` object and return a proxy for it."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Create a shared :class:`threading.RLock` object and return a proxy for it."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Create a shared :class:`threading.Semaphore` object and return a proxy for "
"it."
msgstr ""

msgid "Create an array and return a proxy for it."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Create an object with a writable ``value`` attribute and return a proxy for "
"it."
msgstr ""

msgid "Create a shared :class:`dict` object and return a proxy for it."
msgstr ""

msgid "Create a shared :class:`list` object and return a proxy for it."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Shared objects are capable of being nested.  For example, a shared container "
"object such as a shared list can contain other shared objects which will all "
"be managed and synchronized by the :class:`SyncManager`."
msgstr ""

msgid "A type that can register with :class:`SyncManager`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A namespace object has no public methods, but does have writable attributes. "
"Its representation shows the values of its attributes."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"However, when using a proxy for a namespace object, an attribute beginning "
"with ``'_'`` will be an attribute of the proxy and not an attribute of the "
"referent:"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
">>> mp_context = multiprocessing.get_context('spawn')\n"
">>> manager = mp_context.Manager()\n"
">>> Global = manager.Namespace()\n"
">>> Global.x = 10\n"
">>> Global.y = 'hello'\n"
">>> Global._z = 12.3    # this is an attribute of the proxy\n"
">>> print(Global)\n"
"Namespace(x=10, y='hello')"
msgstr ""

msgid "Customized managers"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"To create one's own manager, one creates a subclass of :class:`BaseManager` "
"and uses the :meth:`~BaseManager.register` classmethod to register new types "
"or callables with the manager class.  For example::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"from multiprocessing.managers import BaseManager\n"
"\n"
"class MathsClass:\n"
"    def add(self, x, y):\n"
"        return x + y\n"
"    def mul(self, x, y):\n"
"        return x * y\n"
"\n"
"class MyManager(BaseManager):\n"
"    pass\n"
"\n"
"MyManager.register('Maths', MathsClass)\n"
"\n"
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n"
"    with MyManager() as manager:\n"
"        maths = manager.Maths()\n"
"        print(maths.add(4, 3))         # prints 7\n"
"        print(maths.mul(7, 8))         # prints 56"
msgstr ""

msgid "Using a remote manager"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"It is possible to run a manager server on one machine and have clients use "
"it from other machines (assuming that the firewalls involved allow it)."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Running the following commands creates a server for a single shared queue "
"which remote clients can access::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
">>> from multiprocessing.managers import BaseManager\n"
">>> from queue import Queue\n"
">>> queue = Queue()\n"
">>> class QueueManager(BaseManager): pass\n"
">>> QueueManager.register('get_queue', callable=lambda:queue)\n"
">>> m = QueueManager(address=('', 50000), authkey=b'abracadabra')\n"
">>> s = m.get_server()\n"
">>> s.serve_forever()"
msgstr ""

msgid "One client can access the server as follows::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
">>> from multiprocessing.managers import BaseManager\n"
">>> class QueueManager(BaseManager): pass\n"
">>> QueueManager.register('get_queue')\n"
">>> m = QueueManager(address=('foo.bar.org', 50000), "
"authkey=b'abracadabra')\n"
">>> m.connect()\n"
">>> queue = m.get_queue()\n"
">>> queue.put('hello')"
msgstr ""

msgid "Another client can also use it::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
">>> from multiprocessing.managers import BaseManager\n"
">>> class QueueManager(BaseManager): pass\n"
">>> QueueManager.register('get_queue')\n"
">>> m = QueueManager(address=('foo.bar.org', 50000), "
"authkey=b'abracadabra')\n"
">>> m.connect()\n"
">>> queue = m.get_queue()\n"
">>> queue.get()\n"
"'hello'"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Local processes can also access that queue, using the code from above on the "
"client to access it remotely::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
">>> from multiprocessing import Process, Queue\n"
">>> from multiprocessing.managers import BaseManager\n"
">>> class Worker(Process):\n"
"...     def __init__(self, q):\n"
"...         self.q = q\n"
"...         super().__init__()\n"
"...     def run(self):\n"
"...         self.q.put('local hello')\n"
"...\n"
">>> queue = Queue()\n"
">>> w = Worker(queue)\n"
">>> w.start()\n"
">>> class QueueManager(BaseManager): pass\n"
"...\n"
">>> QueueManager.register('get_queue', callable=lambda: queue)\n"
">>> m = QueueManager(address=('', 50000), authkey=b'abracadabra')\n"
">>> s = m.get_server()\n"
">>> s.serve_forever()"
msgstr ""

msgid "Proxy Objects"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A proxy is an object which *refers* to a shared object which lives "
"(presumably) in a different process.  The shared object is said to be the "
"*referent* of the proxy.  Multiple proxy objects may have the same referent."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A proxy object has methods which invoke corresponding methods of its "
"referent (although not every method of the referent will necessarily be "
"available through the proxy).  In this way, a proxy can be used just like "
"its referent can:"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
">>> mp_context = multiprocessing.get_context('spawn')\n"
">>> manager = mp_context.Manager()\n"
">>> l = manager.list([i*i for i in range(10)])\n"
">>> print(l)\n"
"[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]\n"
">>> print(repr(l))\n"
"<ListProxy object, typeid 'list' at 0x...>\n"
">>> l[4]\n"
"16\n"
">>> l[2:5]\n"
"[4, 9, 16]"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Notice that applying :func:`str` to a proxy will return the representation "
"of the referent, whereas applying :func:`repr` will return the "
"representation of the proxy."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"An important feature of proxy objects is that they are picklable so they can "
"be passed between processes.  As such, a referent can contain :ref:"
"`multiprocessing-proxy_objects`.  This permits nesting of these managed "
"lists, dicts, and other :ref:`multiprocessing-proxy_objects`:"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
">>> a = manager.list()\n"
">>> b = manager.list()\n"
">>> a.append(b)         # referent of a now contains referent of b\n"
">>> print(a, b)\n"
"[<ListProxy object, typeid 'list' at ...>] []\n"
">>> b.append('hello')\n"
">>> print(a[0], b)\n"
"['hello'] ['hello']"
msgstr ""

msgid "Similarly, dict and list proxies may be nested inside one another::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
">>> l_outer = manager.list([ manager.dict() for i in range(2) ])\n"
">>> d_first_inner = l_outer[0]\n"
">>> d_first_inner['a'] = 1\n"
">>> d_first_inner['b'] = 2\n"
">>> l_outer[1]['c'] = 3\n"
">>> l_outer[1]['z'] = 26\n"
">>> print(l_outer[0])\n"
"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n"
">>> print(l_outer[1])\n"
"{'c': 3, 'z': 26}"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If standard (non-proxy) :class:`list` or :class:`dict` objects are contained "
"in a referent, modifications to those mutable values will not be propagated "
"through the manager because the proxy has no way of knowing when the values "
"contained within are modified.  However, storing a value in a container "
"proxy (which triggers a ``__setitem__`` on the proxy object) does propagate "
"through the manager and so to effectively modify such an item, one could re-"
"assign the modified value to the container proxy::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"# create a list proxy and append a mutable object (a dictionary)\n"
"lproxy = manager.list()\n"
"lproxy.append({})\n"
"# now mutate the dictionary\n"
"d = lproxy[0]\n"
"d['a'] = 1\n"
"d['b'] = 2\n"
"# at this point, the changes to d are not yet synced, but by\n"
"# updating the dictionary, the proxy is notified of the change\n"
"lproxy[0] = d"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"This approach is perhaps less convenient than employing nested :ref:"
"`multiprocessing-proxy_objects` for most use cases but also demonstrates a "
"level of control over the synchronization."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The proxy types in :mod:`multiprocessing` do nothing to support comparisons "
"by value.  So, for instance, we have:"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
">>> manager.list([1,2,3]) == [1,2,3]\n"
"False"
msgstr ""
">>> manager.list([1,2,3]) == [1,2,3]\n"
"False"

msgid ""
"One should just use a copy of the referent instead when making comparisons."
msgstr ""

msgid "Proxy objects are instances of subclasses of :class:`BaseProxy`."
msgstr ""

msgid "Call and return the result of a method of the proxy's referent."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If ``proxy`` is a proxy whose referent is ``obj`` then the expression ::"
msgstr ""

msgid "proxy._callmethod(methodname, args, kwds)"
msgstr ""

msgid "will evaluate the expression ::"
msgstr ""

msgid "getattr(obj, methodname)(*args, **kwds)"
msgstr ""

msgid "in the manager's process."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The returned value will be a copy of the result of the call or a proxy to a "
"new shared object -- see documentation for the *method_to_typeid* argument "
"of :meth:`BaseManager.register`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If an exception is raised by the call, then is re-raised by :meth:"
"`_callmethod`.  If some other exception is raised in the manager's process "
"then this is converted into a :exc:`RemoteError` exception and is raised by :"
"meth:`_callmethod`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note in particular that an exception will be raised if *methodname* has not "
"been *exposed*."
msgstr ""

msgid "An example of the usage of :meth:`_callmethod`:"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
">>> l = manager.list(range(10))\n"
">>> l._callmethod('__len__')\n"
"10\n"
">>> l._callmethod('__getitem__', (slice(2, 7),)) # equivalent to l[2:7]\n"
"[2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\n"
">>> l._callmethod('__getitem__', (20,))          # equivalent to l[20]\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
"...\n"
"IndexError: list index out of range"
msgstr ""

msgid "Return a copy of the referent."
msgstr ""

msgid "If the referent is unpicklable then this will raise an exception."
msgstr ""

msgid "Return a representation of the proxy object."
msgstr ""

msgid "Return the representation of the referent."
msgstr ""

msgid "Cleanup"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A proxy object uses a weakref callback so that when it gets garbage "
"collected it deregisters itself from the manager which owns its referent."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A shared object gets deleted from the manager process when there are no "
"longer any proxies referring to it."
msgstr ""

msgid "Process Pools"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"One can create a pool of processes which will carry out tasks submitted to "
"it with the :class:`Pool` class."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A process pool object which controls a pool of worker processes to which "
"jobs can be submitted.  It supports asynchronous results with timeouts and "
"callbacks and has a parallel map implementation."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"*processes* is the number of worker processes to use.  If *processes* is "
"``None`` then the number returned by :func:`os.process_cpu_count` is used."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If *initializer* is not ``None`` then each worker process will call "
"``initializer(*initargs)`` when it starts."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"*maxtasksperchild* is the number of tasks a worker process can complete "
"before it will exit and be replaced with a fresh worker process, to enable "
"unused resources to be freed. The default *maxtasksperchild* is ``None``, "
"which means worker processes will live as long as the pool."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"*context* can be used to specify the context used for starting the worker "
"processes.  Usually a pool is created using the function :func:"
"`multiprocessing.Pool` or the :meth:`Pool` method of a context object.  In "
"both cases *context* is set appropriately."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note that the methods of the pool object should only be called by the "
"process which created the pool."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
":class:`multiprocessing.pool` objects have internal resources that need to "
"be properly managed (like any other resource) by using the pool as a context "
"manager or by calling :meth:`close` and :meth:`terminate` manually. Failure "
"to do this can lead to the process hanging on finalization."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note that it is **not correct** to rely on the garbage collector to destroy "
"the pool as CPython does not assure that the finalizer of the pool will be "
"called (see :meth:`object.__del__` for more information)."
msgstr ""

msgid "Added the *maxtasksperchild* parameter."
msgstr ""

msgid "Added the *context* parameter."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"*processes* uses :func:`os.process_cpu_count` by default, instead of :func:"
"`os.cpu_count`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Worker processes within a :class:`Pool` typically live for the complete "
"duration of the Pool's work queue. A frequent pattern found in other systems "
"(such as Apache, mod_wsgi, etc) to free resources held by workers is to "
"allow a worker within a pool to complete only a set amount of work before "
"being exiting, being cleaned up and a new process spawned to replace the old "
"one. The *maxtasksperchild* argument to the :class:`Pool` exposes this "
"ability to the end user."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Call *func* with arguments *args* and keyword arguments *kwds*.  It blocks "
"until the result is ready. Given this blocks, :meth:`apply_async` is better "
"suited for performing work in parallel. Additionally, *func* is only "
"executed in one of the workers of the pool."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A variant of the :meth:`apply` method which returns a :class:"
"`~multiprocessing.pool.AsyncResult` object."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If *callback* is specified then it should be a callable which accepts a "
"single argument.  When the result becomes ready *callback* is applied to it, "
"that is unless the call failed, in which case the *error_callback* is "
"applied instead."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If *error_callback* is specified then it should be a callable which accepts "
"a single argument.  If the target function fails, then the *error_callback* "
"is called with the exception instance."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Callbacks should complete immediately since otherwise the thread which "
"handles the results will get blocked."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A parallel equivalent of the :func:`map` built-in function (it supports only "
"one *iterable* argument though, for multiple iterables see :meth:`starmap`). "
"It blocks until the result is ready."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"This method chops the iterable into a number of chunks which it submits to "
"the process pool as separate tasks.  The (approximate) size of these chunks "
"can be specified by setting *chunksize* to a positive integer."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note that it may cause high memory usage for very long iterables. Consider "
"using :meth:`imap` or :meth:`imap_unordered` with explicit *chunksize* "
"option for better efficiency."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A variant of the :meth:`.map` method which returns a :class:"
"`~multiprocessing.pool.AsyncResult` object."
msgstr ""

msgid "A lazier version of :meth:`.map`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The *chunksize* argument is the same as the one used by the :meth:`.map` "
"method.  For very long iterables using a large value for *chunksize* can "
"make the job complete **much** faster than using the default value of ``1``."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Also if *chunksize* is ``1`` then the :meth:`!next` method of the iterator "
"returned by the :meth:`imap` method has an optional *timeout* parameter: "
"``next(timeout)`` will raise :exc:`multiprocessing.TimeoutError` if the "
"result cannot be returned within *timeout* seconds."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The same as :meth:`imap` except that the ordering of the results from the "
"returned iterator should be considered arbitrary.  (Only when there is only "
"one worker process is the order guaranteed to be \"correct\".)"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Like :meth:`~multiprocessing.pool.Pool.map` except that the elements of the "
"*iterable* are expected to be iterables that are unpacked as arguments."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Hence an *iterable* of ``[(1,2), (3, 4)]`` results in ``[func(1,2), "
"func(3,4)]``."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A combination of :meth:`starmap` and :meth:`map_async` that iterates over "
"*iterable* of iterables and calls *func* with the iterables unpacked. "
"Returns a result object."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Prevents any more tasks from being submitted to the pool.  Once all the "
"tasks have been completed the worker processes will exit."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Stops the worker processes immediately without completing outstanding work.  "
"When the pool object is garbage collected :meth:`terminate` will be called "
"immediately."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Wait for the worker processes to exit.  One must call :meth:`close` or :meth:"
"`terminate` before using :meth:`join`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Pool objects now support the context management protocol -- see :ref:"
"`typecontextmanager`.  :meth:`~contextmanager.__enter__` returns the pool "
"object, and :meth:`~contextmanager.__exit__` calls :meth:`terminate`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The class of the result returned by :meth:`Pool.apply_async` and :meth:`Pool."
"map_async`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Return the result when it arrives.  If *timeout* is not ``None`` and the "
"result does not arrive within *timeout* seconds then :exc:`multiprocessing."
"TimeoutError` is raised.  If the remote call raised an exception then that "
"exception will be reraised by :meth:`get`."
msgstr ""

msgid "Wait until the result is available or until *timeout* seconds pass."
msgstr ""

msgid "Return whether the call has completed."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Return whether the call completed without raising an exception.  Will raise :"
"exc:`ValueError` if the result is not ready."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If the result is not ready, :exc:`ValueError` is raised instead of :exc:"
"`AssertionError`."
msgstr ""

msgid "The following example demonstrates the use of a pool::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"from multiprocessing import Pool\n"
"import time\n"
"\n"
"def f(x):\n"
"    return x*x\n"
"\n"
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n"
"    with Pool(processes=4) as pool:         # start 4 worker processes\n"
"        result = pool.apply_async(f, (10,)) # evaluate \"f(10)\" "
"asynchronously in a single process\n"
"        print(result.get(timeout=1))        # prints \"100\" unless your "
"computer is *very* slow\n"
"\n"
"        print(pool.map(f, range(10)))       # prints \"[0, 1, 4,..., 81]\"\n"
"\n"
"        it = pool.imap(f, range(10))\n"
"        print(next(it))                     # prints \"0\"\n"
"        print(next(it))                     # prints \"1\"\n"
"        print(it.next(timeout=1))           # prints \"4\" unless your "
"computer is *very* slow\n"
"\n"
"        result = pool.apply_async(time.sleep, (10,))\n"
"        print(result.get(timeout=1))        # raises multiprocessing."
"TimeoutError"
msgstr ""

msgid "Listeners and Clients"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Usually message passing between processes is done using queues or by using :"
"class:`~Connection` objects returned by :func:`~multiprocessing.Pipe`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"However, the :mod:`multiprocessing.connection` module allows some extra "
"flexibility.  It basically gives a high level message oriented API for "
"dealing with sockets or Windows named pipes.  It also has support for "
"*digest authentication* using the :mod:`hmac` module, and for polling "
"multiple connections at the same time."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Send a randomly generated message to the other end of the connection and "
"wait for a reply."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If the reply matches the digest of the message using *authkey* as the key "
"then a welcome message is sent to the other end of the connection.  "
"Otherwise :exc:`~multiprocessing.AuthenticationError` is raised."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Receive a message, calculate the digest of the message using *authkey* as "
"the key, and then send the digest back."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If a welcome message is not received, then :exc:`~multiprocessing."
"AuthenticationError` is raised."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Attempt to set up a connection to the listener which is using address "
"*address*, returning a :class:`~Connection`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The type of the connection is determined by *family* argument, but this can "
"generally be omitted since it can usually be inferred from the format of "
"*address*. (See :ref:`multiprocessing-address-formats`)"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If *authkey* is given and not ``None``, it should be a byte string and will "
"be used as the secret key for an HMAC-based authentication challenge. No "
"authentication is done if *authkey* is ``None``. :exc:`~multiprocessing."
"AuthenticationError` is raised if authentication fails. See :ref:"
"`multiprocessing-auth-keys`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A wrapper for a bound socket or Windows named pipe which is 'listening' for "
"connections."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"*address* is the address to be used by the bound socket or named pipe of the "
"listener object."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If an address of '0.0.0.0' is used, the address will not be a connectable "
"end point on Windows. If you require a connectable end-point, you should use "
"'127.0.0.1'."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"*family* is the type of socket (or named pipe) to use.  This can be one of "
"the strings ``'AF_INET'`` (for a TCP socket), ``'AF_UNIX'`` (for a Unix "
"domain socket) or ``'AF_PIPE'`` (for a Windows named pipe).  Of these only "
"the first is guaranteed to be available.  If *family* is ``None`` then the "
"family is inferred from the format of *address*.  If *address* is also "
"``None`` then a default is chosen.  This default is the family which is "
"assumed to be the fastest available.  See :ref:`multiprocessing-address-"
"formats`.  Note that if *family* is ``'AF_UNIX'`` and address is ``None`` "
"then the socket will be created in a private temporary directory created "
"using :func:`tempfile.mkstemp`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If the listener object uses a socket then *backlog* (1 by default) is passed "
"to the :meth:`~socket.socket.listen` method of the socket once it has been "
"bound."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Accept a connection on the bound socket or named pipe of the listener object "
"and return a :class:`~Connection` object. If authentication is attempted and "
"fails, then :exc:`~multiprocessing.AuthenticationError` is raised."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Close the bound socket or named pipe of the listener object.  This is called "
"automatically when the listener is garbage collected.  However it is "
"advisable to call it explicitly."
msgstr ""

msgid "Listener objects have the following read-only properties:"
msgstr ""

msgid "The address which is being used by the Listener object."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The address from which the last accepted connection came.  If this is "
"unavailable then it is ``None``."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Listener objects now support the context management protocol -- see :ref:"
"`typecontextmanager`.  :meth:`~contextmanager.__enter__` returns the "
"listener object, and :meth:`~contextmanager.__exit__` calls :meth:`close`."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Wait till an object in *object_list* is ready.  Returns the list of those "
"objects in *object_list* which are ready.  If *timeout* is a float then the "
"call blocks for at most that many seconds.  If *timeout* is ``None`` then it "
"will block for an unlimited period. A negative timeout is equivalent to a "
"zero timeout."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"For both POSIX and Windows, an object can appear in *object_list* if it is"
msgstr ""

msgid "a readable :class:`~multiprocessing.connection.Connection` object;"
msgstr ""

msgid "a connected and readable :class:`socket.socket` object; or"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"the :attr:`~multiprocessing.Process.sentinel` attribute of a :class:"
"`~multiprocessing.Process` object."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A connection or socket object is ready when there is data available to be "
"read from it, or the other end has been closed."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"**POSIX**: ``wait(object_list, timeout)`` almost equivalent ``select."
"select(object_list, [], [], timeout)``.  The difference is that, if :func:"
"`select.select` is interrupted by a signal, it can raise :exc:`OSError` with "
"an error number of ``EINTR``, whereas :func:`wait` will not."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"**Windows**: An item in *object_list* must either be an integer handle which "
"is waitable (according to the definition used by the documentation of the "
"Win32 function ``WaitForMultipleObjects()``) or it can be an object with a :"
"meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` method which returns a socket handle or pipe "
"handle.  (Note that pipe handles and socket handles are **not** waitable "
"handles.)"
msgstr ""

msgid "**Examples**"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The following server code creates a listener which uses ``'secret "
"password'`` as an authentication key.  It then waits for a connection and "
"sends some data to the client::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"from multiprocessing.connection import Listener\n"
"from array import array\n"
"\n"
"address = ('localhost', 6000)     # family is deduced to be 'AF_INET'\n"
"\n"
"with Listener(address, authkey=b'secret password') as listener:\n"
"    with listener.accept() as conn:\n"
"        print('connection accepted from', listener.last_accepted)\n"
"\n"
"        conn.send([2.25, None, 'junk', float])\n"
"\n"
"        conn.send_bytes(b'hello')\n"
"\n"
"        conn.send_bytes(array('i', [42, 1729]))"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The following code connects to the server and receives some data from the "
"server::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"from multiprocessing.connection import Client\n"
"from array import array\n"
"\n"
"address = ('localhost', 6000)\n"
"\n"
"with Client(address, authkey=b'secret password') as conn:\n"
"    print(conn.recv())                  # => [2.25, None, 'junk', float]\n"
"\n"
"    print(conn.recv_bytes())            # => 'hello'\n"
"\n"
"    arr = array('i', [0, 0, 0, 0, 0])\n"
"    print(conn.recv_bytes_into(arr))    # => 8\n"
"    print(arr)                          # => array('i', [42, 1729, 0, 0, 0])"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"The following code uses :func:`~multiprocessing.connection.wait` to wait for "
"messages from multiple processes at once::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"from multiprocessing import Process, Pipe, current_process\n"
"from multiprocessing.connection import wait\n"
"\n"
"def foo(w):\n"
"    for i in range(10):\n"
"        w.send((i, current_process().name))\n"
"    w.close()\n"
"\n"
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n"
"    readers = []\n"
"\n"
"    for i in range(4):\n"
"        r, w = Pipe(duplex=False)\n"
"        readers.append(r)\n"
"        p = Process(target=foo, args=(w,))\n"
"        p.start()\n"
"        # We close the writable end of the pipe now to be sure that\n"
"        # p is the only process which owns a handle for it.  This\n"
"        # ensures that when p closes its handle for the writable end,\n"
"        # wait() will promptly report the readable end as being ready.\n"
"        w.close()\n"
"\n"
"    while readers:\n"
"        for r in wait(readers):\n"
"            try:\n"
"                msg = r.recv()\n"
"            except EOFError:\n"
"                readers.remove(r)\n"
"            else:\n"
"                print(msg)"
msgstr ""

msgid "Address Formats"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"An ``'AF_INET'`` address is a tuple of the form ``(hostname, port)`` where "
"*hostname* is a string and *port* is an integer."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"An ``'AF_UNIX'`` address is a string representing a filename on the "
"filesystem."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"An ``'AF_PIPE'`` address is a string of the form :samp:`r'\\\\\\\\\\\\.\\"
"\\pipe\\\\\\\\{PipeName}'`.  To use :func:`Client` to connect to a named "
"pipe on a remote computer called *ServerName* one should use an address of "
"the form :samp:`r'\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\{ServerName}\\\\pipe\\\\\\\\{PipeName}'` "
"instead."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note that any string beginning with two backslashes is assumed by default to "
"be an ``'AF_PIPE'`` address rather than an ``'AF_UNIX'`` address."
msgstr ""

msgid "Authentication keys"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"When one uses :meth:`Connection.recv <Connection.recv>`, the data received "
"is automatically unpickled. Unfortunately unpickling data from an untrusted "
"source is a security risk. Therefore :class:`Listener` and :func:`Client` "
"use the :mod:`hmac` module to provide digest authentication."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"An authentication key is a byte string which can be thought of as a "
"password: once a connection is established both ends will demand proof that "
"the other knows the authentication key.  (Demonstrating that both ends are "
"using the same key does **not** involve sending the key over the connection.)"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If authentication is requested but no authentication key is specified then "
"the return value of ``current_process().authkey`` is used (see :class:"
"`~multiprocessing.Process`).  This value will be automatically inherited by "
"any :class:`~multiprocessing.Process` object that the current process "
"creates. This means that (by default) all processes of a multi-process "
"program will share a single authentication key which can be used when "
"setting up connections between themselves."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Suitable authentication keys can also be generated by using :func:`os."
"urandom`."
msgstr ""

msgid "Logging"
msgstr "Logowanie"

msgid ""
"Some support for logging is available.  Note, however, that the :mod:"
"`logging` package does not use process shared locks so it is possible "
"(depending on the handler type) for messages from different processes to get "
"mixed up."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Returns the logger used by :mod:`multiprocessing`.  If necessary, a new one "
"will be created."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"When first created the logger has level :const:`logging.NOTSET` and no "
"default handler. Messages sent to this logger will not by default propagate "
"to the root logger."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Note that on Windows child processes will only inherit the level of the "
"parent process's logger -- any other customization of the logger will not be "
"inherited."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"This function performs a call to :func:`get_logger` but in addition to "
"returning the logger created by get_logger, it adds a handler which sends "
"output to :data:`sys.stderr` using format ``'[%(levelname)s/%(processName)s] "
"%(message)s'``. You can modify ``levelname`` of the logger by passing a "
"``level`` argument."
msgstr ""

msgid "Below is an example session with logging turned on::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
">>> import multiprocessing, logging\n"
">>> logger = multiprocessing.log_to_stderr()\n"
">>> logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)\n"
">>> logger.warning('doomed')\n"
"[WARNING/MainProcess] doomed\n"
">>> m = multiprocessing.Manager()\n"
"[INFO/SyncManager-...] child process calling self.run()\n"
"[INFO/SyncManager-...] created temp directory /.../pymp-...\n"
"[INFO/SyncManager-...] manager serving at '/.../listener-...'\n"
">>> del m\n"
"[INFO/MainProcess] sending shutdown message to manager\n"
"[INFO/SyncManager-...] manager exiting with exitcode 0"
msgstr ""

msgid "For a full table of logging levels, see the :mod:`logging` module."
msgstr ""

msgid "The :mod:`multiprocessing.dummy` module"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
":mod:`multiprocessing.dummy` replicates the API of :mod:`multiprocessing` "
"but is no more than a wrapper around the :mod:`threading` module."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"In particular, the ``Pool`` function provided by :mod:`multiprocessing."
"dummy` returns an instance of :class:`ThreadPool`, which is a subclass of :"
"class:`Pool` that supports all the same method calls but uses a pool of "
"worker threads rather than worker processes."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A thread pool object which controls a pool of worker threads to which jobs "
"can be submitted.  :class:`ThreadPool` instances are fully interface "
"compatible with :class:`Pool` instances, and their resources must also be "
"properly managed, either by using the pool as a context manager or by "
"calling :meth:`~multiprocessing.pool.Pool.close` and :meth:`~multiprocessing."
"pool.Pool.terminate` manually."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"*processes* is the number of worker threads to use.  If *processes* is "
"``None`` then the number returned by :func:`os.process_cpu_count` is used."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Unlike :class:`Pool`, *maxtasksperchild* and *context* cannot be provided."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A :class:`ThreadPool` shares the same interface as :class:`Pool`, which is "
"designed around a pool of processes and predates the introduction of the :"
"class:`concurrent.futures` module.  As such, it inherits some operations "
"that don't make sense for a pool backed by threads, and it has its own type "
"for representing the status of asynchronous jobs, :class:`AsyncResult`, that "
"is not understood by any other libraries."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Users should generally prefer to use :class:`concurrent.futures."
"ThreadPoolExecutor`, which has a simpler interface that was designed around "
"threads from the start, and which returns :class:`concurrent.futures.Future` "
"instances that are compatible with many other libraries, including :mod:"
"`asyncio`."
msgstr ""

msgid "Programming guidelines"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"There are certain guidelines and idioms which should be adhered to when "
"using :mod:`multiprocessing`."
msgstr ""

msgid "All start methods"
msgstr ""

msgid "The following applies to all start methods."
msgstr ""

msgid "Avoid shared state"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"As far as possible one should try to avoid shifting large amounts of data "
"between processes."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"It is probably best to stick to using queues or pipes for communication "
"between processes rather than using the lower level synchronization "
"primitives."
msgstr ""

msgid "Picklability"
msgstr ""

msgid "Ensure that the arguments to the methods of proxies are picklable."
msgstr ""

msgid "Thread safety of proxies"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Do not use a proxy object from more than one thread unless you protect it "
"with a lock."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"(There is never a problem with different processes using the *same* proxy.)"
msgstr ""

msgid "Joining zombie processes"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"On POSIX when a process finishes but has not been joined it becomes a "
"zombie. There should never be very many because each time a new process "
"starts (or :func:`~multiprocessing.active_children` is called) all completed "
"processes which have not yet been joined will be joined.  Also calling a "
"finished process's :meth:`Process.is_alive <multiprocessing.Process."
"is_alive>` will join the process.  Even so it is probably good practice to "
"explicitly join all the processes that you start."
msgstr ""

msgid "Better to inherit than pickle/unpickle"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"When using the *spawn* or *forkserver* start methods many types from :mod:"
"`multiprocessing` need to be picklable so that child processes can use "
"them.  However, one should generally avoid sending shared objects to other "
"processes using pipes or queues. Instead you should arrange the program so "
"that a process which needs access to a shared resource created elsewhere can "
"inherit it from an ancestor process."
msgstr ""

msgid "Avoid terminating processes"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Using the :meth:`Process.terminate <multiprocessing.Process.terminate>` "
"method to stop a process is liable to cause any shared resources (such as "
"locks, semaphores, pipes and queues) currently being used by the process to "
"become broken or unavailable to other processes."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Therefore it is probably best to only consider using :meth:`Process."
"terminate <multiprocessing.Process.terminate>` on processes which never use "
"any shared resources."
msgstr ""

msgid "Joining processes that use queues"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Bear in mind that a process that has put items in a queue will wait before "
"terminating until all the buffered items are fed by the \"feeder\" thread to "
"the underlying pipe.  (The child process can call the :meth:`Queue."
"cancel_join_thread <multiprocessing.Queue.cancel_join_thread>` method of the "
"queue to avoid this behaviour.)"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"This means that whenever you use a queue you need to make sure that all "
"items which have been put on the queue will eventually be removed before the "
"process is joined.  Otherwise you cannot be sure that processes which have "
"put items on the queue will terminate.  Remember also that non-daemonic "
"processes will be joined automatically."
msgstr ""

msgid "An example which will deadlock is the following::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"from multiprocessing import Process, Queue\n"
"\n"
"def f(q):\n"
"    q.put('X' * 1000000)\n"
"\n"
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n"
"    queue = Queue()\n"
"    p = Process(target=f, args=(queue,))\n"
"    p.start()\n"
"    p.join()                    # this deadlocks\n"
"    obj = queue.get()"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"A fix here would be to swap the last two lines (or simply remove the ``p."
"join()`` line)."
msgstr ""

msgid "Explicitly pass resources to child processes"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"On POSIX using the *fork* start method, a child process can make use of a "
"shared resource created in a parent process using a global resource.  "
"However, it is better to pass the object as an argument to the constructor "
"for the child process."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Apart from making the code (potentially) compatible with Windows and the "
"other start methods this also ensures that as long as the child process is "
"still alive the object will not be garbage collected in the parent process.  "
"This might be important if some resource is freed when the object is garbage "
"collected in the parent process."
msgstr ""

msgid "So for instance ::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"from multiprocessing import Process, Lock\n"
"\n"
"def f():\n"
"    ... do something using \"lock\" ...\n"
"\n"
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n"
"    lock = Lock()\n"
"    for i in range(10):\n"
"        Process(target=f).start()"
msgstr ""

msgid "should be rewritten as ::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"from multiprocessing import Process, Lock\n"
"\n"
"def f(l):\n"
"    ... do something using \"l\" ...\n"
"\n"
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n"
"    lock = Lock()\n"
"    for i in range(10):\n"
"        Process(target=f, args=(lock,)).start()"
msgstr ""

msgid "Beware of replacing :data:`sys.stdin` with a \"file like object\""
msgstr ""

msgid ":mod:`multiprocessing` originally unconditionally called::"
msgstr ""

msgid "os.close(sys.stdin.fileno())"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"in the :meth:`multiprocessing.Process._bootstrap` method --- this resulted "
"in issues with processes-in-processes. This has been changed to::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"sys.stdin.close()\n"
"sys.stdin = open(os.open(os.devnull, os.O_RDONLY), closefd=False)"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Which solves the fundamental issue of processes colliding with each other "
"resulting in a bad file descriptor error, but introduces a potential danger "
"to applications which replace :func:`sys.stdin` with a \"file-like object\" "
"with output buffering.  This danger is that if multiple processes call :meth:"
"`~io.IOBase.close` on this file-like object, it could result in the same "
"data being flushed to the object multiple times, resulting in corruption."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"If you write a file-like object and implement your own caching, you can make "
"it fork-safe by storing the pid whenever you append to the cache, and "
"discarding the cache when the pid changes. For example::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"@property\n"
"def cache(self):\n"
"    pid = os.getpid()\n"
"    if pid != self._pid:\n"
"        self._pid = pid\n"
"        self._cache = []\n"
"    return self._cache"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"For more information, see :issue:`5155`, :issue:`5313` and :issue:`5331`"
msgstr ""

msgid "The *spawn* and *forkserver* start methods"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"There are a few extra restrictions which don't apply to the *fork* start "
"method."
msgstr ""

msgid "More picklability"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Ensure that all arguments to :meth:`Process.__init__` are picklable. Also, "
"if you subclass :class:`~multiprocessing.Process` then make sure that "
"instances will be picklable when the :meth:`Process.start <multiprocessing."
"Process.start>` method is called."
msgstr ""

msgid "Global variables"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Bear in mind that if code run in a child process tries to access a global "
"variable, then the value it sees (if any) may not be the same as the value "
"in the parent process at the time that :meth:`Process.start <multiprocessing."
"Process.start>` was called."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"However, global variables which are just module level constants cause no "
"problems."
msgstr ""

msgid "Safe importing of main module"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Make sure that the main module can be safely imported by a new Python "
"interpreter without causing unintended side effects (such as starting a new "
"process)."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"For example, using the *spawn* or *forkserver* start method running the "
"following module would fail with a :exc:`RuntimeError`::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"from multiprocessing import Process\n"
"\n"
"def foo():\n"
"    print('hello')\n"
"\n"
"p = Process(target=foo)\n"
"p.start()"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Instead one should protect the \"entry point\" of the program by using ``if "
"__name__ == '__main__':`` as follows::"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"from multiprocessing import Process, freeze_support, set_start_method\n"
"\n"
"def foo():\n"
"    print('hello')\n"
"\n"
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n"
"    freeze_support()\n"
"    set_start_method('spawn')\n"
"    p = Process(target=foo)\n"
"    p.start()"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"(The ``freeze_support()`` line can be omitted if the program will be run "
"normally instead of frozen.)"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"This allows the newly spawned Python interpreter to safely import the module "
"and then run the module's ``foo()`` function."
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"Similar restrictions apply if a pool or manager is created in the main "
"module."
msgstr ""

msgid "Examples"
msgstr "Przykłady"

msgid "Demonstration of how to create and use customized managers and proxies:"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"from multiprocessing import freeze_support\n"
"from multiprocessing.managers import BaseManager, BaseProxy\n"
"import operator\n"
"\n"
"##\n"
"\n"
"class Foo:\n"
"    def f(self):\n"
"        print('you called Foo.f()')\n"
"    def g(self):\n"
"        print('you called Foo.g()')\n"
"    def _h(self):\n"
"        print('you called Foo._h()')\n"
"\n"
"# A simple generator function\n"
"def baz():\n"
"    for i in range(10):\n"
"        yield i*i\n"
"\n"
"# Proxy type for generator objects\n"
"class GeneratorProxy(BaseProxy):\n"
"    _exposed_ = ['__next__']\n"
"    def __iter__(self):\n"
"        return self\n"
"    def __next__(self):\n"
"        return self._callmethod('__next__')\n"
"\n"
"# Function to return the operator module\n"
"def get_operator_module():\n"
"    return operator\n"
"\n"
"##\n"
"\n"
"class MyManager(BaseManager):\n"
"    pass\n"
"\n"
"# register the Foo class; make `f()` and `g()` accessible via proxy\n"
"MyManager.register('Foo1', Foo)\n"
"\n"
"# register the Foo class; make `g()` and `_h()` accessible via proxy\n"
"MyManager.register('Foo2', Foo, exposed=('g', '_h'))\n"
"\n"
"# register the generator function baz; use `GeneratorProxy` to make proxies\n"
"MyManager.register('baz', baz, proxytype=GeneratorProxy)\n"
"\n"
"# register get_operator_module(); make public functions accessible via "
"proxy\n"
"MyManager.register('operator', get_operator_module)\n"
"\n"
"##\n"
"\n"
"def test():\n"
"    manager = MyManager()\n"
"    manager.start()\n"
"\n"
"    print('-' * 20)\n"
"\n"
"    f1 = manager.Foo1()\n"
"    f1.f()\n"
"    f1.g()\n"
"    assert not hasattr(f1, '_h')\n"
"    assert sorted(f1._exposed_) == sorted(['f', 'g'])\n"
"\n"
"    print('-' * 20)\n"
"\n"
"    f2 = manager.Foo2()\n"
"    f2.g()\n"
"    f2._h()\n"
"    assert not hasattr(f2, 'f')\n"
"    assert sorted(f2._exposed_) == sorted(['g', '_h'])\n"
"\n"
"    print('-' * 20)\n"
"\n"
"    it = manager.baz()\n"
"    for i in it:\n"
"        print('<%d>' % i, end=' ')\n"
"    print()\n"
"\n"
"    print('-' * 20)\n"
"\n"
"    op = manager.operator()\n"
"    print('op.add(23, 45) =', op.add(23, 45))\n"
"    print('op.pow(2, 94) =', op.pow(2, 94))\n"
"    print('op._exposed_ =', op._exposed_)\n"
"\n"
"##\n"
"\n"
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n"
"    freeze_support()\n"
"    test()\n"
msgstr ""

msgid "Using :class:`~multiprocessing.pool.Pool`:"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"import multiprocessing\n"
"import time\n"
"import random\n"
"import sys\n"
"\n"
"#\n"
"# Functions used by test code\n"
"#\n"
"\n"
"def calculate(func, args):\n"
"    result = func(*args)\n"
"    return '%s says that %s%s = %s' % (\n"
"        multiprocessing.current_process().name,\n"
"        func.__name__, args, result\n"
"        )\n"
"\n"
"def calculatestar(args):\n"
"    return calculate(*args)\n"
"\n"
"def mul(a, b):\n"
"    time.sleep(0.5 * random.random())\n"
"    return a * b\n"
"\n"
"def plus(a, b):\n"
"    time.sleep(0.5 * random.random())\n"
"    return a + b\n"
"\n"
"def f(x):\n"
"    return 1.0 / (x - 5.0)\n"
"\n"
"def pow3(x):\n"
"    return x ** 3\n"
"\n"
"def noop(x):\n"
"    pass\n"
"\n"
"#\n"
"# Test code\n"
"#\n"
"\n"
"def test():\n"
"    PROCESSES = 4\n"
"    print('Creating pool with %d processes\\n' % PROCESSES)\n"
"\n"
"    with multiprocessing.Pool(PROCESSES) as pool:\n"
"        #\n"
"        # Tests\n"
"        #\n"
"\n"
"        TASKS = [(mul, (i, 7)) for i in range(10)] + \\\n"
"                [(plus, (i, 8)) for i in range(10)]\n"
"\n"
"        results = [pool.apply_async(calculate, t) for t in TASKS]\n"
"        imap_it = pool.imap(calculatestar, TASKS)\n"
"        imap_unordered_it = pool.imap_unordered(calculatestar, TASKS)\n"
"\n"
"        print('Ordered results using pool.apply_async():')\n"
"        for r in results:\n"
"            print('\\t', r.get())\n"
"        print()\n"
"\n"
"        print('Ordered results using pool.imap():')\n"
"        for x in imap_it:\n"
"            print('\\t', x)\n"
"        print()\n"
"\n"
"        print('Unordered results using pool.imap_unordered():')\n"
"        for x in imap_unordered_it:\n"
"            print('\\t', x)\n"
"        print()\n"
"\n"
"        print('Ordered results using pool.map() --- will block till "
"complete:')\n"
"        for x in pool.map(calculatestar, TASKS):\n"
"            print('\\t', x)\n"
"        print()\n"
"\n"
"        #\n"
"        # Test error handling\n"
"        #\n"
"\n"
"        print('Testing error handling:')\n"
"\n"
"        try:\n"
"            print(pool.apply(f, (5,)))\n"
"        except ZeroDivisionError:\n"
"            print('\\tGot ZeroDivisionError as expected from pool.apply()')\n"
"        else:\n"
"            raise AssertionError('expected ZeroDivisionError')\n"
"\n"
"        try:\n"
"            print(pool.map(f, list(range(10))))\n"
"        except ZeroDivisionError:\n"
"            print('\\tGot ZeroDivisionError as expected from pool.map()')\n"
"        else:\n"
"            raise AssertionError('expected ZeroDivisionError')\n"
"\n"
"        try:\n"
"            print(list(pool.imap(f, list(range(10)))))\n"
"        except ZeroDivisionError:\n"
"            print('\\tGot ZeroDivisionError as expected from list(pool."
"imap())')\n"
"        else:\n"
"            raise AssertionError('expected ZeroDivisionError')\n"
"\n"
"        it = pool.imap(f, list(range(10)))\n"
"        for i in range(10):\n"
"            try:\n"
"                x = next(it)\n"
"            except ZeroDivisionError:\n"
"                if i == 5:\n"
"                    pass\n"
"            except StopIteration:\n"
"                break\n"
"            else:\n"
"                if i == 5:\n"
"                    raise AssertionError('expected ZeroDivisionError')\n"
"\n"
"        assert i == 9\n"
"        print('\\tGot ZeroDivisionError as expected from IMapIterator."
"next()')\n"
"        print()\n"
"\n"
"        #\n"
"        # Testing timeouts\n"
"        #\n"
"\n"
"        print('Testing ApplyResult.get() with timeout:', end=' ')\n"
"        res = pool.apply_async(calculate, TASKS[0])\n"
"        while 1:\n"
"            sys.stdout.flush()\n"
"            try:\n"
"                sys.stdout.write('\\n\\t%s' % res.get(0.02))\n"
"                break\n"
"            except multiprocessing.TimeoutError:\n"
"                sys.stdout.write('.')\n"
"        print()\n"
"        print()\n"
"\n"
"        print('Testing IMapIterator.next() with timeout:', end=' ')\n"
"        it = pool.imap(calculatestar, TASKS)\n"
"        while 1:\n"
"            sys.stdout.flush()\n"
"            try:\n"
"                sys.stdout.write('\\n\\t%s' % it.next(0.02))\n"
"            except StopIteration:\n"
"                break\n"
"            except multiprocessing.TimeoutError:\n"
"                sys.stdout.write('.')\n"
"        print()\n"
"        print()\n"
"\n"
"\n"
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n"
"    multiprocessing.freeze_support()\n"
"    test()\n"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"An example showing how to use queues to feed tasks to a collection of worker "
"processes and collect the results:"
msgstr ""

msgid ""
"import time\n"
"import random\n"
"\n"
"from multiprocessing import Process, Queue, current_process, freeze_support\n"
"\n"
"#\n"
"# Function run by worker processes\n"
"#\n"
"\n"
"def worker(input, output):\n"
"    for func, args in iter(input.get, 'STOP'):\n"
"        result = calculate(func, args)\n"
"        output.put(result)\n"
"\n"
"#\n"
"# Function used to calculate result\n"
"#\n"
"\n"
"def calculate(func, args):\n"
"    result = func(*args)\n"
"    return '%s says that %s%s = %s' % \\\n"
"        (current_process().name, func.__name__, args, result)\n"
"\n"
"#\n"
"# Functions referenced by tasks\n"
"#\n"
"\n"
"def mul(a, b):\n"
"    time.sleep(0.5*random.random())\n"
"    return a * b\n"
"\n"
"def plus(a, b):\n"
"    time.sleep(0.5*random.random())\n"
"    return a + b\n"
"\n"
"#\n"
"#\n"
"#\n"
"\n"
"def test():\n"
"    NUMBER_OF_PROCESSES = 4\n"
"    TASKS1 = [(mul, (i, 7)) for i in range(20)]\n"
"    TASKS2 = [(plus, (i, 8)) for i in range(10)]\n"
"\n"
"    # Create queues\n"
"    task_queue = Queue()\n"
"    done_queue = Queue()\n"
"\n"
"    # Submit tasks\n"
"    for task in TASKS1:\n"
"        task_queue.put(task)\n"
"\n"
"    # Start worker processes\n"
"    for i in range(NUMBER_OF_PROCESSES):\n"
"        Process(target=worker, args=(task_queue, done_queue)).start()\n"
"\n"
"    # Get and print results\n"
"    print('Unordered results:')\n"
"    for i in range(len(TASKS1)):\n"
"        print('\\t', done_queue.get())\n"
"\n"
"    # Add more tasks using `put()`\n"
"    for task in TASKS2:\n"
"        task_queue.put(task)\n"
"\n"
"    # Get and print some more results\n"
"    for i in range(len(TASKS2)):\n"
"        print('\\t', done_queue.get())\n"
"\n"
"    # Tell child processes to stop\n"
"    for i in range(NUMBER_OF_PROCESSES):\n"
"        task_queue.put('STOP')\n"
"\n"
"\n"
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n"
"    freeze_support()\n"
"    test()\n"
msgstr ""